十二烷基磺酸铁催化丙酸异丁酯的绿色合成研究

本文研究了丙酸与异丁醇在十二烷基磺酸铁催化剂作用下的酯化反应,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对丙酸异丁酯收率的影响。实验结果表明反应的最佳反应条件为:丙酸用量为 0.1 mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.2,十二烷基磺酸铁用量为2g(约2.5 mmol),反应时间为30 min,酯收率达93.5%,催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。无污染产生,具有绿色合成的特点。产品经折光率、红外光谱进行了表征。     

Toughening of polypropylene with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene tri‐block copolymer: Effects of reactive and nonreactive compatibilization

The effects of compatibilization on the toughening of polypropylene (PP) by melt blending with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene tri‐block copolymer (SEBS) in a twin‐screw extruder were investigated. The compatibilizers used were SEBS functionalized with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA), PP functionalized with acrylic acid (PP‐g‐AA), and bifunctional compound p‐phenylenediamine (PPD). The effects of the compatibilization were evaluated through the mechanical properties as well as through the determination of the phase morphology of the blends by scanning electron microscopy. Reactive compatibilized blends show up to a 30‐fold increase in impact strength compared with neat PP; likely the result of the reaction of the bifunctional compound (PPD) with the acid acrylic and maleic anhydride groups, this increase in strength rendered both morphological and mechanical stability to these blends. The addition of PPD to the blends significantly changed their phase morphologies, leading to larger average diameters of the dispersed particles, probably as a result of the morphological stabilization at the initial processing steps during extrusion, with the occurrence of chemical reactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3466–3479, 2002     

Valeric acid extraction with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate impregnated in a macroporous resin: II. Studies in fixed bed columns

Extraction and back‐extraction of valeric acid in a fixed bed packed with Amberlite XAD‐4 resin impregnated with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate were experimentally studied at 25 °C. The effects of the feed flow rate, acid concentration in the feed solution and extractant concentration in the impregnated resin on the breakthrough curves, were investigated. The bed saturation capacity was larger under the conditions of higher extractant concentration in the resin phase and higher acid concentration in the feed solution. A dynamic model that considers intraparticle diffusion and external liquid film diffusion as limiting steps in mass transfer rates was successfully applied. The intraparticle effective diffusivities (10^?9 dm² s^?1) were from one to three orders of magnitude lower than the diffusivities in the external liquid film (10^?8–10^?6 dm² s^?1). A fast and complete back‐extraction of valeric acid from the saturated bed was carried out with sodium hydroxide solutions. The operational life of the impregnated resin was also studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

三相相转移催化合成对硝基苯甲醚的研究

合成制备了聚苯乙烯支载聚乙二醇 ,并以之作为三相相转移催化剂用于对硝基氯苯合成对硝基苯甲醚 ,考察了催化剂、NaOH、CH3OH等的用量对反应转化率的影响 ,得到了适宜的合成工艺条件为 :n(PCNB)∶n(CH3OH)∶n(NaOH)∶n(PTC) =1∶3∶3∶(0 0 3～ 0 0 5) ,反应温度约 78～ 80℃ ,反应时间 9～ 1 0h。在该条件下 ,对硝基氯苯转化率大于 99 5 % ,收率大于 95 % ,产品经气相色谱检测纯度达 99 7% ,聚苯乙烯支载聚乙二醇催化剂可重复使用 5次以上 ,反应母液经除盐后 ,配碱套用对反应无不良影响     

Compact tri‐band BPF applying novel multi‐mode microstrip resonator

This article presents a novel multi‐mode microstrip resonator. Using the even‐odd‐mode method, its resonance characteristics are analyzed and the design graphs are given. Each mode equivalent circuit is a λ/4 stepped impedance resonator (SIR), so the proposed resonator has a compact size and the higher harmonics can be tuned in a wide range. Stub–stub coupling is introduced to split two identical modes and produce two transmission zeros (TZs). Then a tri‐band filter operating at 1.5, 2.4, and 3.8 GHz is designed using the proposed resonator. The three center frequencies and bandwidths can be independently controlled. By tuning the impedance and length ratios of the stubs, wide upper stopband is achieved. Finally, the designed filter is fabricated and measured, and the measured results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:559–564, 2016.     

在超声条件下过氧化氢-三氟乙酸对柴油氧化脱硫性能的研究

采用H2O2-三氟乙酸作为氧化剂将盘锦催化裂化柴油中的硫化物(主要为苯并噻吩类)氧化成相应的砜，同时又用功率超声作用于该过程。然后根据相似相容原理用合适的溶剂将这些砜萃取除去。最佳的操作条件为：反应温度70℃；氧化剂与油的体积比为1：10；氧化时间60min；萃取剂为N，N-胺(DMF)；萃取剂油比为1：1。加入功率超声后，可使反应时间由60min缩短为10min，同时也使脱硫率提高了10个百分点。     

Computer simulation of flow‐sheets for the solvent extraction of uranium: a new route to delay the effect of chemical degradation of the organic phase during uranium recovery from acidic sulfate media

BACKGROUND: The extractants used in solvent extraction processes undergo degradation under thermal, chemical and radiolytical stresses. In the case of uranium plants, tri‐n‐octylamine, used as an extractant, slowly degrades into di‐n‐octylamine. Such degradation causes a gradual depletion of the uranium extraction isotherms and as a result, of the efficiency of uranium recovery from feed solutions. The present work highlights a new route to delay this depletion of the extraction efficiency, merely by optimizing the flow‐sheets involved in the process. Five flow‐sheets have been compared for uranium recovery from acidic sulfate media by a solution of 0.146 mol L⁻¹ tri‐n‐octylamine in kerosene modified with 5% w/w 1‐tridecanol and stripping with a 199 g L⁻¹ Na₂CO₃ solution. These five flow‐sheets include the classical counter‐current flow‐sheet with four mixers–settlers in extraction and three mixers–settlers in stripping and four unusual combined solvent extraction flow‐sheets with two independent extraction stripping loops and with one or two feed inlets. RESULTS: Computer simulation supplied evidence of the strong influence of the studied flow‐sheets on the sturdiness of the process. More precisely, the unusual combined solvent extraction flow‐sheets appeared to be significantly more efficient than the classical counter‐current one and it is shown that an advantage of this can be to delay the negative impact of gradual degradation of tri‐n‐octylamine on uranium recovery efficiency from acidic sulfate media. CONCLUSION: The replacement of classical counter‐current flow‐sheets with a unique extraction‐stripping loop in unusual combined flow‐sheets with two or more independent extraction‐stripping loops and with one or more feed inlets is a fruitful approach to delay the periodic addition of fresh tri‐n‐octylamine necessary for counter‐balancing the progressive degradation of the extraction solvent and, as a result, to delay the gradual depletion of the efficiency of uranium recovery. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

本安三元配气装置介绍

详细阐述本安三元配气装置的原理、特点及使用方法，该装置主要用于精确控制气体流量和控制气体的浓度，提高本安火花试验的精确度。     

酯化法处理低含量醋酸水溶液

采用酯化法,以十二烷基磺酸铁为催化剂使异辛醇与醋酸反应,对质量分数为6%的低含量醋酸水溶液的处理进行了研究。考察了反应时间、催化剂质量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对醋酸转化率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:当质量分数为6%的醋酸溶液为100mL时,醇酸摩尔比为3∶1,十二烷基磺酸铁质量为0.6g,99℃下反应6h后醋酸转化率达68.6%。不仅有效地降低了溶液中的醋酸含量,产物乙酸异辛酯还是重要的化工产品,具有环保和经济双重价值。此法具有催化剂用量少、不水解、反应条件温和、速度快、转化率高、无污染等优点,操作简单安全,有着良好的实用前景,对于其它有机酸稀溶液如甲酸、柠檬酸等的处理也有借鉴作用。     

氟硅树脂的制备及其性能研究

以单体三氟丙基甲基环三硅氧烷(D3F)、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷为原料,以平均相对分子质量为3 000、乙烯基摩尔分数为10％的乙烯基氟硅油作封端剂,以硅氧烷醇钠作催化剂,聚合成平均摩尔质量约8×10 5g/mol、乙烯基含量0.5％的氟硅树脂。讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度及时间原料中水分的含量、乙烯基含量和中和剂对氟硅树脂性能的影响。结果表明:采用高纯度D2F,硅氧烷醇钠催化剂用量为0.4％,在(130±5)℃反应60min制备出的氟硅树脂经硫化测试,其邵氏硬度为71,撕裂强度为31.5kN/m,拉伸强度8.6MPa,断裂伸长率404％,其结果表明符合市场使用要求。