高分子甲醛吸收剂对聚甲醛的热稳定性能与结构的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）及偏光显微镜（PLM）研究高分子甲醛吸收剂共聚酰胺（COPA）和密胺树脂（MF）对聚甲醛（POM）的热稳定性能与结构的影响。结果表明：两种高分子甲醛吸收剂都能起到结晶成核剂的作用。同时COPA对POM的热稳定性效果优于ME的,但会提高POM的黄色指数,而MF会降低POM的黄色指数。     

Probability distributions of gas hydrate formation

Induction time distributions for gas hydrate formation were measured for gas mixtures of methane + propane at pressures up to 11.3 MPa using a high‐pressure automated lag time apparatus (HP‐ALTA). Measurements were made at subcooling temperatures between 4.3 and 13.5 K and, while isothermal induction times between 0 and 15,000 s were observed, the median isothermal induction times for the distributions ranged from 100 to 4000 s. A hyperbolic relationship between median induction time and subcooling was used to correlate the data. A graphical interpretation is presented that relates the two types of data that can be acquired by using the HP‐ALTA in one of two modes to study hydrate formation: induction time distributions at constant subcooling and formation temperature distributions observed during linear cooling ramps. The equivalence of these two modes provides a robust method for studying the variation of formation phenomena in different hydrate systems. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2640–2646, 2013     

水合物生成诱导期研究进展

水合物生成诱导期是用于表征水合物生成过程的重要参数,其研究对于水合物风险控制和水合物技术应用具有重要意义。本文从研究方法、水合物客体分子类型、研究内容和诱导期分布等4个方面总结回顾了国内外近期开展的水合物生成诱导期研究概况,表明其主要围绕诱导期定性影响因素的分析和诱导期定量表征模型的建立两方面展开。介绍了诱导期的主要定性影响因素及其对诱导期的影响规律,阐述了不同类型诱导期定量表征模型的建立过程及其适用范围。结果说明,目前对于水合物生成诱导期定性影响因素的分析研究系统性不强,需要从微观角度对水合物生成及成核机理本质展开进一步研究,而所建立的诱导期定量表征模型也大都只适用于特定条件下的水合物生成诱导期预测。     

Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene copolymer by in situ copolymerization with a nucleating agent and/or nano‐calcium carbonate

The crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) copolymer obtained by in situ reactor copolymerization with or without a nucleating agent and/or nano‐CaCO₃ particles was investigated both by thermal analysis and by polarized light microscopy. The Avrami model is successfully used to describe the crystallization kinetics of the studied copolymer. The results of the investigation show that a dramatic decrease of the half‐time of crystallization t_1/2, as well as a significant increase of the overall crystallization rate, are observed in the presence of the nucleating agent. These effects are further promoted in the presence of the nano‐CaCO₃ particles. The incorporation of the nucleating agent and nano‐CaCO₃ particles into PP copolymer remarkably improved the mechanical properties and heat distortion temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 431–438, 2004     

水热生长碱式硫酸镁纳米线结晶动力学研究

以硫酸镁和氢氧化钠为原料,邻苯二甲酸氢钾为络合剂,采用络合-水热法制备了碱式硫酸镁纳米线;采用宏观动力学方法结合微观结构分析,进行碱式硫酸镁结晶机理研究。通过分析Mg浓度与时间的变化关系曲线,建立结晶动力学方程;然后根据晶体缺陷分析碱式硫酸镁纳米线表面成核机制。实验结果表明：碱式硫酸镁纳米线在140和160℃结晶机理为多核控制表面生长;在180和200℃时结晶机理发生了变化,转变为线性控制表面生长;碱式硫酸镁纳米线的晶格中存在着较多的刃型位错与螺型位错,可以促进其表面成核、快速生长。     

Effects of novel self-inoculation method on microstructure of AM60 alloy

A novel cast processing method,self-inoculation method (SIM),was proposed.The process involves the addition of self-inoculant to melt,then pouring the melt to a mould through a multi-stream mixing cooling channel.In this paper,the process parameters were investigated.Results indicate that the melt treatment temperature,the amount of self-inoculant added,and the slope angle of the cooling channel are the key factors for SIM process.The optimized parameters are that the melt treatment temperature is between 680 and 700°C;the addition of self-inoculant is between 5wt.% and 7wt.%;and the slope angle of the cooling channel is between 30° and 45°.Further analysis reveals that SIM changes the solidification microstructure of slurry by controlling the nucleation and growth of the primary phase in the melt.     

考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸组织实验及模拟研究

针对镁合金压铸件表层晶粒细小均匀而心部晶粒较粗大且不均匀的特点,开展一系列压铸实验,研究镁合金压铸工艺对压室预结晶和压铸件最终凝固组织(特别是对晶粒大小、压室预结晶组织的含量及分布形态)的影响.采用数值模拟方法,以压铸实验统计数据为基础,建立了考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸形核模型,以此模拟更接近实际的压铸组织.应用所建立的形核及生长模型,模拟了不同压铸工艺下AM50镁合金阶梯压铸件的凝固组织,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

低碳钢中晶内形核铁素体三维形貌的唯象研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了低碳钢中晶内针状铁素体的二维金相组织形貌,运用计算机软件对铁素体的三维形貌进行了重构。试验发现钢中的MnS夹杂物对晶内铁素体形核有明显的促进作用,晶内有大量铁素体组织形成,晶内形核铁素体的三维形貌呈扁长片状,许多铁素体在空间中相互连接,并有相当数量的铁素体与夹杂物相连。由此推测铁素体的晶内形核有以下3种形核方式：在原有铁素体上激发生核;在夹杂物表面上直接生核;在已经存在的铁素体和夹杂物的交汇处形核。     

PRECIPITATING KINETICS OF V(C, N) IN FERRITE OF V–N MICROALLOYING STEEL

V--N微合金钢的C含量(质量分数)在0.05%---0.30%范围内变化时, V(C, N)在铁素体中析出开始时间随温度降低单调增加. 实验得到的开始析出点是在750 ℃时的10 s左右, 含C量不同的4种钢得到的形核率--温度 (NrT)曲线 和析出--温度--时间 (PTT) 曲线单调变化的趋势相同. 热力学与动力学计算得到的不同C含量钢中的V(C, N)形核驱动力非常接近, 其NrT和PTT曲线随C含量无明显变化. 实验与计算均证实, 实验钢的C含量在0.05%---0.30%范围内变化时, V(C, N)在铁素体中的析出动力学无明显差异.     

灰铸铁凝固数值模拟的形核率模型建立

设计并浇注了一系列阶梯形灰铸铁件,采用金相显微镜研究了各铸件不同位置的共晶团数量,分析了影响灰铸铁共晶形核的主要因素,探求了灰铸铁的共晶形核规律。研究表明,过冷度和碳当量对灰铸铁共晶形核起主要作用。随着过冷度的增大,灰铸铁共晶形核率增大。随着碳当量接近共晶成分,灰铸铁共晶形核率也增大。在总结灰铸铁形核理论并结合试验所得数据的基础上,采用统计学方法分别得出有关亚共晶灰铸铁和过共晶灰铸铁的形核率公式,为凝固过程数值模拟的动力学计算提供准确模型。