Photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates with different tunnel space for water decomposition

Photocatalytic activities for water decomposition were examined for photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates and TiO2(B) with different tunnel space in the structure. Using RuO2 as promoter, M2Ti6O13 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) showed the stoichiometric production of Hz and O₂ except for Li, whereas H₂Ti₈O₁₇ and TiO₂(B) had very low activity producing only hydrogen as a product. The effects of promoters on Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ showed that the activity increased in the order of RuO₂ > RuO₂ + IrO₂ > IrO₂ > RuO₂ + Pt > MnO₂. These effects along with other related ones are discussed: it emerges that the presence of the tunnels is important for the achievement of high photocatalytic activity.     

A fuzzy neural network approach for online fault detection in waste water treatment process

In this paper, an effective strategy for fault detection of sludge volume index (SVI) sensor is proposed and tested on an experimental hardware setup in waste water treatment process (WWTP). The main objective of this fault detection strategy is to design a system which consists of the online sensors, the SVI predicting plant and fault diagnosis method. The SVI predicting plant is designed utilizing a fuzzy neural network (FNN), which is trained by a historical set of data collected during fault-free operation of WWTP. The fault diagnosis method, based on the difference between the measured concentration values and FNN predictions, allows a quick revealing of the faults. Then this proposed fault detection method is applied to a real WWTP and compared with other approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed fault detection strategy can obtain the fault signals of the SVI sensor online.     

离子交换法处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

采用201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂处理模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,探讨了废水酸度、交换时间、浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响以及树脂再生所需的合适温度和再生剂浓度。结果表明,201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂处理模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,具有交换容量大、交换效果好、树脂再生条件较简单等优点。并对实际含铬废水进行了处理,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为1 540 mg/L,处理量达52 BV(床体积)时,出水中Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度仍小于0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准。树脂交换容量约80 mg/g。用8%NaOH溶液,在50℃条件下进行再生效果较好,再生率大于95%,可实现树脂的重复使用。     

Rheology of oil in water emulsions with added solids

The effect of added solids on the rheology of oil in water emulsions was investigated. The range of the oil concentration, solids free basis, was (0-70%) and the solids volume fraction was (0-0.16). The solids mean diameter was 45 μm and it was about four times larger than the oil droplets. In the absence of added solids, non-Newtonian behaviour was observed for oil concentrations above 40%. The added solids increased the emulsion viscosity in a manner similar to the addition of solids to a homogeneous fluid. The rheological data of all the emulsion-solids mixtures investigated were correlated as relative viscosity versus solids volume fraction, where the relative viscosity is defined as the ratio of the emulsion-solids mixture viscosity to the solids-free emulsion viscosity. In the case of non-Newtonian systems, the emulsion-solids mixture viscosity and the solids-free emulsion viscosity were calculated at the same shear stress. The Barnea and Mizrahi viscosity correlation was found to fit the data well.     

Gender,culture and determinants of behavioural intents to adopt mobile commerce among the Y Generation in transition economies: evidence from Kazakhstan

This study investigates perceived risk and trust in relationship to the Diffusion of Innovation Theory [Rogers, E.M., 1962. Diffusion of innovations. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press; 1983. Diffusion of innovations. 3rd ed. New York: The Free Press] from a cultural perspective to understand the determinants of behavioural intent to adopt mobile commerce among the Y Generation in Kazakhstan. Surveys from 345 university-level students and subsequent structural equation modelling revealed perceived risk, trustworthiness and Rogers’ five innovation characteristics are important determinants. Perceived risk and trustworthiness are important determinants because of the high uncertainty avoidance characteristics of the Kazakh society. This study advances theory regarding culture- and generation-based characteristics to transition economies by verifying theoretical proposition regarding the behavioural intent towards mobile commerce adoption, resulting in a greater understanding of mobile commerce adoption among the Y Generation in transition economies. Marketing implications are discussed.     

关于低温低浊水混凝沉淀机理的探讨

文章介绍了低温浊水的水质特点，提出氧化剂对处理低温低浊水的作用。     

Urban water demand,climatic variation,and irrigation-water insecurity: interactive stressors and lessons for water governance from the Angat River basin (Philippines)

Climatic variation and intersectoral water competition increasingly challenge the effective provision of irrigation services. This article explores their combined effects on irrigation allocation from the Angat Reservoir (Philippines), where domestic water use in Metro Manila has overtaken regional irrigation as the dominant right-holder. Rules protecting Metro Manila’s large right to water ‘interact’ with dry spells to affect irrigation security in wet and dry seasons. Historically, irrigators were uncompensated because re-allocation’s cause was contested as (1) an unforeseeable climatic event (releasing domestic utilities of liability), or (2) produced by urban demand (requiring compensation). Trade-off rules must be prepared to navigate combinatory effects.     

Flood hazard maps in the European context

The implementation of the EU Floods Directive by water authorities across Europe has generated a lack of consistency in the present situation, especially regarding the scales adopted, the hydrological scenarios and the elements represented on flood hazard and risk maps. From the EU-funded project HYTECH, this article presents a general overview of Floods Directive implementation in eight European countries, highlighting the differences between them, with particular attention to flood hazard maps. For the implementation cycle that started at the beginning of 2016, a minimization of such differences is necessary in order to manage flood risk in a better and more integrated way.     

上海地区不同商品粉煤灰水泥浆体的流变性能

采集了上海地区不同种类，等级和加工方式的7种商品粉煤灰，测定了种各种粉煤灰水泥浆体的流变性能，研究了商品粉煤灰品质与掺量对浆体流变参数的影响，并分析了影响浆体流变性能的粉煤灰主要品质因素。     

曝气生物滤池处理农村生活污水效率与微生物群落分析

以北京大兴区农村生活污水为处理对象,设计了4个反应柱,研究了3种填料结构、2种气水比条件下曝气生物滤池(BAF)对农村生活污水处理效率及微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)1~#、2~#、3~#柱气水比相同、填料结构不同,BOD5、CODCr和氨氮的去除率达到84.51%~96.49%;4~#柱与2~#柱填料结构相同,但气水比小,BOD5和CODcr处理效果差;4个柱TP的去除率低,需要强化除磷。(2)1~#、2~#、3~#柱OTU数量差异很小,说明微生物种类数量基本相同;2~#柱特有OTU数远大于4~#柱,说明填料结构相同条件下较大气水比有利于增加微生物种类。(3)1~#、2~#、3~#柱优势菌群主要有6种,在不同高度的优势菌群种类基本相同,但数量上有所差异;仅变形菌门中可能含有聚磷菌,这也是除磷效果差的原因之一。