Surface modification of stainless steels: green technology for corrosion protection

Many methods of corrosion protection rely on toxic chemicals such as hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺), which is the species responsible for protection in conversion coatings, anodizing baths and as a pigment in polymer coatings. Despite many attemps to replace Cr⁶⁺ and other harzardous chemicals in corrosion protection, very little progress has been made. Passive layers containing Ce and Mo have already been formed on materials such as A17075 and A12024, and their corrosion behaviour has been shown to improve by inhibition of both anodic and cathodic reaction. In this work the results of applying these coatings to SS304 and 316 will be presented. The layers were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), and the corrosion behaviour was followed by EIS and d.c. current methods.     

Effect of heat treatment on the efficiency of Mg anodes

Commercial magnesium anodes were evaluated using ASTM G 97-89 for a standard test along with a technique of electrochemical impedance. Several heat treatments were performed, and the anodic efficiency was determined, showing an incremental increase of 10 to 12 % of the efficiency demonstrated by the nontreated commercial anodes (as-cast condition). The increase in efficiency was related to the microstructural characteristics. The appearance of second phase particles influenced the form of the corrosion process.     

浅埋高硅铸铁阳极地床降阻技术在库鄯输油管线阴极保护工程中的应用

通过模拟试验,筛选出了由聚丙烯酰胺、三乙醇胺、工业细盐、缓蚀剂及水组成的降阻剂及其最佳配比.接着,在鄯善末站开展浅埋式阳极地床工业性试验.经一年的多次测试结果表明,单根(?)150mm×1500mm的高硅铸铁阳极的接地电阻力3.9～8.4Ω,为不用降阻剂时的1/5～1/8.阳极地床由浅埋20根阳极组成,阳极间距5m,接地电阻稳定在1.3～1.8Ω之间,能满足≤2Ω的技术要求,具有工程实用价值.在此基础上,及时更改了设计,在库鄯管线需采用外加电流法实施阴极保护的约276km长的管段,4处辅助阳极地床施工均采用了浅埋阳极降阻技术.     

全桥式GTR逆变电阻焊电源的保护分析

本文着重分析了一种微机控制的全桥式ＧＴＲ逆变电阻焊电源的功率开关元件ＧＴＲ，在开、关瞬间的尖峰电压和电流冲击现象及相应的保护措施；电源的偏磁抑制、过流保护、网压波动保护。硬件和软件相结合的保护方式具有方便实用，快速可靠的特点。     

某厂含硫污水罐的腐蚀原因分析及防护措施

介绍了锦州炼油厂1000m3含硫污水罐的腐蚀情况,分析了其腐蚀原因,并介绍采用喷锌牺牲阳极与玻璃鳞片涂层的联合防护措施及应用情况。     

自动注料粉末冶金湿压磁场成型模设计

介绍了自动注料粉末冶金湿压成型原理以及自动注料湿压成型模具的设计要点。     

Competitive Effect of Water Vapor and Oxygen on the Oxidation of Fe–5 wt.% Al Alloy at 1073 K

The effect of oxygen on the oxidation of Fe–5wt.% Al alloy was investigated at 1073 K in N2–12.2 vol.% H₂O, O₂–12.2 vol.% H₂O, and N₂–O₂–12.2 vol.% H₂O with various amounts of oxygen. The results showed S-shaped oxidation curves that consisted of three stages: slow-incubation, rapid transition, and relatively slow oxidation. The amount of oxidation increased with increasing oxygen contents up to 0.9 vol.% O₂ and then rapidly decreased. On the oxygen-rich side, a slow incubation oxidation stage was observed and its duration increased with increasing oxygen content. The extent of oxidation decreased gradually with decreasing oxygen content from the critical value and the incubation period disappeared. In the transient period, Fe₂O₃ was formed on the lean oxygen-content side and elongated voids were formed in the outer Fe₃O₄ and FeO layer. It was suggested that the differences in the morphology of Fe₂O₃ formed on the surface affected by the dissociation and gas-transport process due to differences in oxygen partial pressure at the gas–scale interface.     

Photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates with different tunnel space for water decomposition

Photocatalytic activities for water decomposition were examined for photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates and TiO2(B) with different tunnel space in the structure. Using RuO2 as promoter, M2Ti6O13 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) showed the stoichiometric production of Hz and O₂ except for Li, whereas H₂Ti₈O₁₇ and TiO₂(B) had very low activity producing only hydrogen as a product. The effects of promoters on Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ showed that the activity increased in the order of RuO₂ > RuO₂ + IrO₂ > IrO₂ > RuO₂ + Pt > MnO₂. These effects along with other related ones are discussed: it emerges that the presence of the tunnels is important for the achievement of high photocatalytic activity.     

新型高性能高速烧嘴护套的研制

本文介绍了新型高性能高速烧嘴护套所用的材料－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４结合ＳｉＣ的特性,根据实验确定了工艺路线。在简介氮化烧成机理的基础上,对试验结果及现场使用情况进行了分析。作为替代进口产品,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

Corrosion behavior of Fe-20Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys in Ar-H2O-HBr gas mixtures at 1000 K

Discontinuous mass-change measurements and corrosion-product analyses were made for Fe-20Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys after exposing them to Ar-H ₂ O-HBr gas mixtures at 1000 K for 24 hours. Predominantly chromia scales formed on both alloys. Upon cooling, the scales remained adherent to the Fe-20Cr alloy but spalled extensively from Ni-20Cr samples. After tests in HBr-rich gas mixtures, bromine-rich corrosion products were found underneath chromia scales on both alloys while nickel evaporation was observed from Ni-20Cr samples. Preoxidation of the Ni-20Cr alloy prior to exposure to Ar-H ₂ O-HBr gas mixtures increased chromia scale adherence but did not prevent nickel loss from the alloy. Chromia scales formed on the Fe-20Cr alloy were more protective due to the absence of iron oxides in the scale. Large NiO crystals formed over the Ni-20Cr alloy decreased chromia-scale adherence and increased nickel loss from the alloy due to the low stability of NiO in HBr-containing gas mixtures.