凹凸棒粘土用作高水速凝注浆悬浮剂

以凹凸棒粘土作为高水速凝固化充填材料的悬浮稳定剂，考察了不同制浆机械对凹凸棒粘土制浆率的影响。采用高剪切混合乳化机预制的1％凹凸棒粘土浆配制高水速凝固化充填材料甲、已料单浆可获得满意的悬浮稳定效果。其充填体结石抗压强度早期发展迅速，后期持续增长。采用此工艺，注浆料的材料成本仅增加2％。     

Volatile compounds in oils after deep frying or stir frying and subsequent storage

Soybean oil (900 g) was heated by deep frying at 200°C for 1 h with the addition of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL water, and then stored at 55°C for 26 weeks. Soybean oil, corn oil and lard were heated by stir frying and then stored at 55°C for 30 weeks. The volatiles and peroxide values of these samples were monitored. All samples contained aldehydes as major volatiles. During heating and storage, total volatiles increased 260-1100-fold. However, aldehyde content decreased from 62–87% to 47–67%, while volatile acid content increased from 1–6% to 12–33%; especially hexanoic acid which increased to 26–350 ppm in the oils after the storage period was completed. Water addition to the oils heated by deep frying tended to retard the formation of volatile compounds. The total amount of volatile constituents of lard heated by stir frying increased more during storage than that of corn oil or soybean oil. Peroxide values did not reflect the changes of volatile content in the samples.     

混凝土构件的涂装保护

分析了自然环境对混凝土构件的影响，简述了混凝土构件涂装对防腐蚀涂料的要求及常规涂装保护措施。     

On the Predominant Electron-Donicity of Polar Solid Surfaces

The reasons for the predominant electron-donicity of almost all solid polar surfaces and its implications are discussed in this paper. By contact angle or interfacial tension measurements, the electron-accepting as well as the electron-donating properties of polar liquids can be ascertained, through the interplay between their energies of adhesion and cohesion. For the solid-liquid interface, direct interfacial tension measurements are not possible, but indirectly, solid/liquid interfacial tensions of polar systems can be obtained by contact angle measurement. However, as the energy of cohesion of a solid does not influence the contact angle formed by a liquid drop placed upon its surface, one can only measure the solid surface'ks residual polar property, manifested by the energy of adhesion between solid and liquid. This residual polar property is of necessity the dominant component; in most cases this turns out to be its electron donicity. When, by means of contact angle measurements with polar liquids, both electron-accepting and electron-donating potentials are found on a polar solid, it is most likely still partly covered with a polar liquid: usually water. The amount of residual water of hydration of a polar solid follows from its polar (Lewis acid-base) surface tension component (γ^AB). The degree of orientation of the residual water of hydration on a polar solid can be expressed by the ratio of the electron-donating to electron-accepting potentials (γ^⊖/γ^⊕), measured on the hydrated surface.     

聚丙烯酸钾与腐植酸复合高吸水性树脂的合成研究

以腐植酸与丙烯酸聚合制备了高吸水性树脂,讨论了交联剂、引发剂以及KOH用量对聚丙烯酸与腐植酸高吸水性树脂吸水率的影响,结果显示在n(MBA)∶n(AA)=0.0005、n(KPS)∶n(AA)=0.0075、n(KOH)∶n(AA)约为0.70、温度为80℃的条件下合成时,其吸水倍率可达到最优值。而且在接近自然条件下(35℃)失水速度慢,保水时间可达100 h以上,重复吸水性能好。运用红外光谱分析了腐植酸与丙烯酸的反应机理。     

前大油田注水系统防腐防垢技术的研究

前大油田注水系统腐蚀、结垢问题十分突出,开发了适用于前大油田注水水质的JYSJ-Q型杀菌剂、JYHZJ-Q型缓蚀阻垢剂,并通过试验确定了配套加药工艺.经现场应用,有效缓解了注水系统的腐蚀结垢问题,获得了显著的社会效益及经济效益.     

In situ leaching method for determination of chloride in concrete pore water

In the in situ leaching (ISL) method, pore water ionic content is determined in small cavities drilled in mortar/concrete specimens. Prior investigations have demonstrated the ISL applicability to obtain pH and nitrite ion concentration in concrete/mortar pore water. The application of the method is extended here to determine pore water chloride ion concentration (and pH) within practical test times in mortars and concretes prepared in the laboratory and in concrete cores extracted from a bridge deck in deicing salt service. Spatial resolution for the determination of composition profiles is also illustrated. Modeling of the ISL process indicates that chloride binding accelerates the approach toward a terminal cavity concentration, reducing test duration to practical lengths for moderate permeability concretes. This acceleration can be attributed to maintaining a higher gradient of free chloride near the cavity wall due to the release, during leaching, of previously bound chloride. Consequently, there is a faster chloride buildup in the cavity water compared with the no-binding case. Experimental chloride and pH results obtained by the ISL test in mortar samples show good agreement with those from the pore water expression (PWE) method. Also, examples are presented of application of ISL data to obtain chloride binding isotherms, and pore water chloride to hydroxide ratio relevant to assessing conditions for corrosion of steel reinforcement. The ISL method presents a less costly and less disruptive alternative to PWE for pore water analysis. It is noted, however, that in a few instances ISL could not be implemented because of excessive absorption of cavity water by the surrounding medium.     

含氮氧化物(NOx)废气的处理方法

介绍了氮氧化物废气的产生原理、处理方法,并结合某厂硝化废气处理装置改造过程的实例,对加压水吸收处理氮氧化物废气的方法做了详细介绍,同时将该法与其他处理方法进行了比较.     

生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用进展

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的种类、特点、絮凝机理和近几年来国内在不同废水处理中的应用情况，并对它的研究及应用前景做出展望。     

Agroecological analysis and economic benefit of organic resources and fertiliser in till and no-till sorghum production after a 6-year fallow in semi-arid West Africa

A field experiment was conducted in Gampela (Burkina Faso) in 2000 and 2001 to assess the impact of organic and mineral sources of nutrients and combinations thereof in optimising crop production in till and no-till systems and to assess the economic benefit of these options. The study showed that under conditions of rainfall deficiency, the use of a single organic resource at an equivalent dose of 40 kg N ha⁻¹ better secured crop yield than the application of an equivalent amount as urea-N, while a combination of organic resources and fertiliser was better in increasing crop yield than the application of the same N amount in the form of urea. In a year of rainfall deficiency, a mix of organic resources and fertiliser in both till and no-till systems increased crop water use efficiency, with the result that the farmer was able to purchase only half of the normal quantity of N fertiliser to obtain a higher yield that he would have done when all of the N was supplied in the form of urea. Under conditions where soil N is deficient, an economic benefit was achieved when urea was combined with easily decomposable organic material (e.g. sheep dung); mixing the urea at a dose of 40 kg N ha⁻¹ with maize straw was not sufficient in alleviating the negative interaction due to the enhanced N immobilisation. The results demonstrate that the use of N fertiliser alone was risky and that a higher yield, with the accompanying economic benefit, was scarcely achieved under the prevailing rainfall conditions. The application of soil and water conservation measures can contribute greatly to increasing the economic benefit of mineral, organic or combined organic and mineral-derived nutrient application under semi-arid conditions.