Wind Force Coefficients for Designing Porous Canopy Roofs

Wind force coefficients for designing porous canopy roofs have been investigated based on a series of wind tunnel experiments. Gable, troughed and mono-sloped roofs were tested. The roof models were made of 0.5 mm thick perforated duralumin plates, the porosity of which was changed from 0 to about 0.4. Overall aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the roof model were measured in a turbulent boundary layer with a six-component force balance for various wind directions. The results indicate that the wind loads on canopy roofs generally decrease with an increase in porosity of the roof. Assuming that the roof is rigid and supported by the four corner columns with no walls, the axial forces induced in the columns are regarded as the most important load effect for discussing the design wind loads. Two loading patterns causing the maximum tension and compression in the columns are considered. Based on a combination of the lift and moment coefficients, the design wind force coefficients on the windward and leeward halves of the roof are presented for the two loading patterns as a function of the roof pitch and porosity. The effect of porosity is taken into account as a reduction factor of the wind loads.     

暖边间隔条对幕墙热工性能的影响

随着节能环保日益成为社会的共识,拥有更好隔热效果的新型玻璃在玻璃幕墙中被不断应用,暖边隔热条作为新型玻璃的主要技术手段使用也越来越广泛。本文主要对玻璃的暖边隔热条在不同幕墙体系中的实际使用效果进行了分析并得出相应结论,避免人们在建筑中盲目追求暖边隔热条造成不必要的浪费。     

某体育场悬挑屋盖表面脉动风压空间相关特性

通过对某体育场刚性模型进行同步风洞试验,得到了环状悬挑屋盖上、下表面的风压时程。考虑了涡旋脱落和再附着的影响,对悬挑屋盖各区域的典型测点进行时域下的相关系数和频域下的相干函数分析,总结了该体育场悬挑屋盖表面的平行来流方向、垂直来流方向排列的测点之间的相关系数及相干函数的规律。对相干函数曲线进行了拟合,得到了该体育场屋盖各区域相干函数公式及参数,与Davenport的经典相干函数相比,建立的相干函数与之形式一致、对悬挑屋盖的拟合精度更高。     

反渗透膜元件透过系数的试验与数学求解

明确了反渗透膜元件两透过系数求解所需的函数形式、幂项数、试验组数、试验点位、变量归一、回归分析及回归效果检验等一系列试验与数学过程,并给出了某支膜元件两透过系数求解的试验数据及其计算实例。     

Efficient calculation of daylight coefficients for rooms with dissimilar complex fenestration systems

The daylight coefficient (DC) method is a powerful and efficient method to perform annual daylight illuminance simulation. A set of coefficients are calculated for a given room space and static fenestration systems prior to simulation start. Time series of indoor daylight illuminances are obtained by only knowing the sky luminance. However, for rooms with dissimilar dynamic complex fenestration systems (such as windows with movable shadings) whose optical behaviour (transmission, reflection and scattering) may change during simulation, the efficiency of the DC method may be compromised as another whole set of coefficients must be re-calculated. This study presents the development of a new methodology to compute the DC set for rooms with dissimilar complex fenestration components only once prior to simulation start. A validation study is carried out, in which the daylight illuminances in an office space equipped with a clear window and internal Venetian blinds are compared using predictions from the present model, the Radiance program, as a benchmark model employing detailed optical model of Venetian blinds, and the Daysim program employing a simple engineering blinds model. Findings from the validation study show that the present model yields overall accurate results when compared with the benchmark model for any window orientation, although some local illuminance differences are observed in areas under direct sunlight exposure.     

重力坝抗滑稳定安全系数与安全度探讨

在进行深层抗滑稳定计算讨论时,涉及到的计算会变得相对复杂,会有更多的因素难以确定,并且由于在工程实践中的经验也累积较少,我们很难找到关于安全系数的一个统一标准取值。本文通过实际工程的计算给出抗滑稳定计算公式和安全系数的建议值,为以后的研究奠定基础。     

国标中的COP与EER

通过对中华人民共和国国家标准中的COP和EER对比研读,分析了国家标准中的COP和EER的术语解释。COP既用来表示单一的制冷性能系数或制热性能系数,也用来表示制冷及制热性能系数;EER则用来表示制冷能效比,且EER不是独立出现,与此对应的是用来表示制热性能系数COP。     

Stable and super‐low friction of amorphous carbon nitride coatings in nitrogen gas by using two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test

Effect of running‐in process on friction behaviour of carbon nitride (CNx) coating in N₂ gas stream was investigated with a newly introduced two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test, where the rubbed Si₃N₄ ball in the pre‐sliding (step 1) was replaced by a new CNx‐coated Si₃N₄ ball in the subsequent sliding stage under N₂ gas (step 2). The two‐step friction test is clarified to be a simple but effective technique for obtaining contact material combination of self‐mated CNx coatings and for achieving stable and low frictions of CNx coatings. Friction coefficients of CNx/CNx in N₂ gas stream decrease greatly from 0.07 without pre‐sliding to less than 0.025 in two‐step friction tests. The minimum friction coefficient of 0.004 was obtained by introducing 500 cycles of pre‐sliding in ambient air. These stable and low frictions are attributed to the generation of self‐mated CNx coatings and the formation of a lubricious layer on the disk surface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非稳定流作用下管涌发生发展的室内试验及理论分析

管涌问题是水利工程中广受关注的一大难题。通常针对管涌的研究是基于稳定水头条件下的,而非稳定流作用下,水位的升降变化与稳定流情况不同,水位势能的转变速率,施加于土颗粒的主动动量异于稳定流,导致土体发生管涌的规律也有别于稳定流情况。首先根据理论公式的计算,提出非稳定流作用下试样发生管涌破坏水头低于稳定流水头的假想;同时指出,试验过程中土颗粒的运移规律在小范围区域内具有很大的随机性。最后,在理论研究的基础上设计试验,通过控制供水水头,使水头在近似正弦曲线变化的情况下升降循环,进行管涌试验。在试验过程中监测试样内部各部位的渗流参数变化情况,对理论进行了验证。