Study of siloxane additives migration to the surface of polyester-(melamine)-polyurethane coatings: Aging effects after ethanol cleaning

This study determines the influences of siloxane flow agents’ migration on the outermost surface composition of clearcoats, before and after ethanol cleaning. This evaluation is undertaken to improve adhesion of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) on automotive paint systems. Most of the siloxane flow agents segregate from the bulk to the clearcoat outermost surface during curing. These additives can cover until 50% of the surface area but X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analyses indicate that they can be removed by ethanol cleaning. Composition of the cleaned clearcoats surfaces are similar as the composition of clearcoat formulated without siloxane additives: the polyester-(melamine)-polyurethane network is more detected than before cleaning. However, outermost surface analyses show that several aging weeks increase the siloxane additives segregation. This post-cleaning migration modifies the clearcoat surface composition and cancels the chemical modifications due to the ethanol cleaning. XPS analyses show that silicon concentrations after cleaning and aging are inversely proportional to the initial silicon concentrations measured after curing. It highlights that aging has to be controlled to improve adhesion of PSAs on clearcoats. A second ethanol cleaning on aged clearcoats is not effective to remove these new siloxane additives. Their formulation should be different from the flow agents and it could modify their solubility in ethanol. This result could also indicate that these new siloxane additives are not located on the last molecular layer of surface and they would not be soluble in ethanol.     

Aging characteristics of high-power lithium-ion cells with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and Li4/3Ti5/3O4 electrodes

The impedance rise that results from the accelerated aging of high-power lithium-ion cells containing LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂-based positive and graphite-based negative electrodes is dominated by contributions from the positive electrode. Data from various diagnostic experiments have indicated that a general degradation of the ionic pathway, apparently caused by surface film formation on the oxide particles, produces the positive electrode interface rise. One mechanistic hypothesis postulates that these surface films are components of the negative electrode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that migrate through the electrolyte and separator and subsequently coat the positive electrode. This hypothesis is examined in this article by subjecting cells with LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂-based positive and Li_4/3Ti_5/3O₄-based negative electrodes to accelerated aging. The impedance rise in these cells was observed to be almost entirely from the positive electrode. Because reduction products are not expected on the 1.55 V Li_4/3Ti_5/3O₄ electrode, the positive electrode impedance cannot be attributed to the migration of SEI-type fragments from the negative electrode. It follows then that the impedance rise results from mechanisms that are “intrinsic” to the positive electrode.     

Characterization of catalysts and membrane in DMFC lifetime testing

The lifetime and performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were investigated to understand the correlation between the structure of catalysts/membrane and cell performance versus time. The cell polarization and performance curves were obtained during the DMFC operation with the time. The catalysts and Nafion^® membrane of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the lifetime test were comprehensively examined by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that there was significant performance degradation during the first 200 h operation; while the degradation was slowing down between 200 and 704 h operation. The degradation became worse after 1002 h operation. The increases of the catalyst particle size from both anode and cathode catalysts were observed after the DMFC lifetime test. The changes of microstructure, surface composition, the interfacial structure of the MEA, and the aging of Nafion^® under the DMFC lifetime tests were also observed.     

Stability analysis of the sliding process of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine

To study the stability of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine and determine the aging stability coefficient during slide mass development, the deformation band of the west slope and the slide mass structure of the 34,600 profile are obtained on the basis of hydrology, geology, and monitoring data.The residual thrust method is utilized to calculate the stability coefficients, which are 1.225 and 1.00 under sound and transfixion conditions, respectively. According to the rock damage and fragmentation and the principle of mechanical parameter degradation, the mechanical models of the slide mass development of the hard and soft rock slopes are established. An integrated model for calculating the slope stability coefficient is built considering water, vibration, and other external factors that pertain to the structural plane damage mechanism and the generating mechanism of the sliding mass. The change curve of the stability coefficient in the slide mass development is obtained from the relevant analyses,and afterwards, the stability control measures are proposed. The analysis results indicate that in the cracking stage of the hard rock, the slope stability coefficient decreases linearly with the increase in the length Lbof the hard rock crack zone. The linear slope is positively correlated to rock cohesion c. In the transfixion stage of the soft rock, the decrease speed of the stability coefficient is positively correlated to the residual strength of the soft rock. When the slope is stable, the stability coefficient is in a quadratic-linear relationship with the decreased height Dh of the side slope and in a linear relationship with anchoring force P.     

时效对接触线用Cu-Ag-Cr合金性能的影响

分析了固溶温度、时效及时效前冷变形量对Cu - 0 1 %Ag - 0 1 %Cr接触线用合金性能的影响 ,结果表明 :经 870℃固溶、 40 %～ 5 0 %冷变形及 480℃× 1 5h时效处理后 ,合金可获得良好的综合性能。     

重熔与时效工艺对ZL101铝合金组织与抗拉强度的影响

ZL101铝合金重熔后,浇注时间和浇注位置对其组织与性能影响很大。从ZL101铝合金不同浇注时间、不同浇注的位置取样,对铸态和时效后的试样进行抗拉强度性能测试,用光学显微镜观察其微观组织,研究重熔与时效工艺对ZL101铝合金组织与性能的影响规律。结果表明,在浇注过程中,试样的晶粒先发生粗化,随着浇注时间的延长,晶粒又发生细化。其抗拉强度也是先降低而后又升高。随着浇注位置的变化,由下向上晶粒逐渐粗化,共晶硅的分布逐渐变得不均匀,且抗拉强度逐渐降低。合金的时效与铸态的组织、性能的变化规律一致。     

时效对Au－39．8Cu－21．0Zn－3．2Al形状记忆合金的影响

用电阻法研究了不同时效条件对标题合金的马氏体转变温度和形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明：经分级淬火处理的合金，有较高的热稳定性和良好的形状记忆效应。但在高于１２０℃的温度时效一定时间后，将严重影响合金的马氏体相变，从而使合金丧失形状记忆效应。     

Cu-Al-Mn-Ti形状记忆合金抗母相时效的研究

利用弯曲试验、X射线衍射、金相和扫描电镜及透射电镜观察等方法研究了CuAl24Mn3Ti2合金在不同母相时效处理条件下的抗母相时效能力。结果表明,对于同一种变形量,Cu-Al-Mn-Ti合金在母相时效时,形状记忆效应随不同时效保温温度呈现先下降后上升的规律性变化,其中400℃记忆效应最好,500℃最差;而形状记忆效应则随不同时效保温时间呈现不同程度的先上升后下降的规律性变化,400℃合金下降缓慢,500℃下降加快;Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织,并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相,强化了合金组织,提高了合金的记忆效应。     

Glycated proteome: From reaction to intervention

Glycation, a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, is a proteome wide phenomenon, predominantly observed in diabetes due to hyperglycemia. Glycated proteome of plasma, kidney, lens, and brain are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. This review discusses the strategies to characterize protein glycation, its functional implications in different diseases, and intervention strategies to protect the deleterious effects of protein glycation.