适合老年人出行的城市交通经验及启示 — —以中国台湾地区、新加坡和日本为例

近年来,世界各国及地区老龄化进 程进一步加快,各界学者基于此纷纷展开应 对老龄化问题的理论与实证研究。中国是世 界上老龄人口最多的国家,其中大陆地区将 于2021年起正式步入加速老龄化阶段,并将 于2027年进入老龄社会。在诸多城市公共服 务系统中,交通系统较早面临老龄化影响, 然而中国大陆对于改善老年人出行的理论与 实践研究明显不足,适老出行设施配置与服 务供给严重短缺、相关专项规划和保障政策 长期滞后。基于大陆现阶段适老交通问题, 通过深入探讨我国台湾地区、新加坡以及日 本适老交通的经验,总结了包括完善相关政 策法规、加强公交系统建设、改善慢行出行 环境等启示性经验与措施,为更好应对我国 加速老龄化现状以及老龄化社会适老交通 提供思路。     

老龄化视角下的城市公园包容性设计研究

老年人是城市中使用公园频率最高的人群,但现实中的城市公园设计却存在着诸多问题,反映出对老年人群的忽视。随着我国进入老龄化社会,如何使城市公园的设计更加符合老年人的生活需求,成为城市建设的重点。本文引入"包容性设计"的概念,旨在摆脱用户年龄或能力的限制,使设计最大限度地满足人们的需求,并以老年人的生理、心理及行为特点出发,为城市公园的包容性设计提供具体策略。     

电子封装微焊点中的柯肯达尔孔洞问题

简述目前在微焊点内部产生的六种孔洞缺陷。微焊点中的孔洞会导致焊点强度快速下降,一直危害着电子产品的可靠性,软钎料／Cu基盘界面在高温时效老化后会出现了大量的柯肯达尔孔洞,柯肯达尔孔洞的存在将会对应用于高温环境和高应力的封装焊点可靠性产生不好的影响。结合目前的研究状况分析了时效老化时Kirkendall（柯肯达尔）孔洞的形成机理和Kirkendall孔洞对焊点可靠性的影响,重点研究了焊盘材料、材质、焊料掺杂元素和UBM预处理等因素影响柯肯达尔孔洞形成的机理。     

表面活性剂对面包抗老化作用的研究

研究了三种表面活性剂单甘酯（GMS）、硬脂酰乳酸钠（SSL）及双乙酰酒石酸单甘酯（DATEM）对存放一定时间后面包的抗老化效果。正交实验得出：抗老化效果显著性顺序为SSL（1．2％）、DATEM（1．5％）、GMS（1．3％）；对面包比容影响DATEM（1．5％）＞SSL（1．2％）＞GMS（1．5％），综合考虑以SSL（1．2％）为佳。     

Ammonium Perchlorate,Friend or Foe?

In part 1 of this paper, it was demonstrated that a nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol based propellant containing ammonium perchlorate degraded at a slower rate at temperatures of 80 °C or less compared with the other two energetic materials studied which did not have this oxidizer present. It was suggested that ammonium perchlorate might act as an oxygen inhibitor reducing the oxidation rate of the polyethylene glycol binder which decreases the rate of propellant decomposition. In part 2, the specific interaction between ammonium perchlorate, nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol is reported. It has been shown that at temperatures lower than 90 °C, if there is any uncured and unstabilised PEG present, nitroglycerine rapidly degrades in the presence of ammonium perchlorate but this is prevented if stabiliser is added. In addition, ammonium perchlorate initially appears to hinder acid hydrolysis of nitroglycerine which also slows down the degradation of polyethylene glycol based propellants. However, in the long term at low temperatures, or short term at higher temperatures, AP accelerates the decomposition of NG.     

Three‐dimensional Structural Analysis Approach for Aging Composite Solid Propellant Grains

The viscoelastic aging behavior of composite solid propellant grains is studied by a three‐dimensional thermoviscoelastic constitutive model with aging evolution, in which the crosslinking degree is taken as an aging variable. The resulting viscoelastic constitutive equations are numerically discretized into incremental form by integration algorithms, and the stress‐updating method is presented according to incremental law. Subsequently, the Abaqus‐based user material subroutine and its structural analysis module are constructed and validated through typical examples. Studies show that the results of structural analysis have high accuracy and are in well agreement with each other. The designed analysis module presents an effective aging‐mechanical analysis platform for further lifespan estimation of solid rocket motors.     

A new vinylpyranoanthocyanin pigment occurring in aged red wine

A new pyranoanthocyanin–vinylphenol pigment was detected in an aged Port red wine. The UV–Vis spectrum of this pigment was found to have a λ_max of 538 nm that is bathochromically shifted from that of original anthocyanins, exhibiting a more purple hue in acidic solution. This newly formed pigment was synthesized in model solution through the reaction between malvidin 3-O-glucoside–pyruvic acid adduct and vinylphenol and its structure was assigned by NMR and mass spectrometry. This pigment is reported herein for the first time.     

电动缸伺服控制系统老化试验

针对自主研发的一款电动缸产品,用PLC及伺服驱动器进行了老化运行试验。在满足负载指标的基础上,实现高、低速往复的三轴运动,考核电动缸的负载能力、噪声水平、定位能力和可靠性。试验结果表明,该电动缸能够满足负载、稳定性和噪声的性能要求。     

老练条件的变化对铝电解电容器质量的影响

铝电解电容器的老练直接影响产品的质量。老练条件的变化对铝电解电容器的电容量、漏电流有一定的影响。在额定老练电压、＋ ９０℃５ｈ 条件下老练， 能更好地改善产品质量， 提高产品合格率。采用脉冲老练可以缩短老练时间， 但漏电流回升速度快