户用PV系统设计

由于能源短缺和环境污染的问题日益严重,改善能源结构,保护环境,已成为我国在新世纪经济发展高速期所面临的重要课题。尤其是在居住建筑中,采用清洁、储量巨大、无地域限制和能源质量高等诸多优点的太阳能,成为近些年国内研究的热点,引起了各界的关注和重视,科研院所、相关企业等部门都在积极的探索和实践。本文介绍一种户用太阳能光伏发电系统(又称PV系统)的计算流程,仅供参考。     

铝电解槽热平衡测试计算中的几点问题

由于缺乏正规的标准，铝电解槽能量平衡测试中存在着一些概念混淆、计算方法和公式错误的情况，应引起测试工作者的注意，在测试计算前应认真制订方案，多查一些参考资料，核实所用公式、数据，避免发生失误。同时对于类似计算，由于计算机的应用，应尽可能采取精确算法。没必要采取一些非常粗糙的近似算法和经验值。     

新风动态负荷与空调节能

介绍利用空调软件对整栋大楼进行动态负荷计算分析,并以此选择空调设备,不但节省投资,而且达到节能效果.     

A bending specimen for constant energy release rate under controlled displacement conditions

A bending specimen that gives a constant energy release rate (independent on the crack length) under controlled displacement conditions is developed. It is assumed that engineering beam theory is applicable, i.e. that among other things, small deformations and linear elastic isotropic material can be assumed.A specific geometry is analyzed numerically by use of the finite element method and experimentally by manufacturing a specimen with the actual geometry in PMMA (polymethylmetacrylate) and then determining the specimen stiffness for different crack lengths.It is found that the geometry considered gives a constant energy release rate under controlled displacement conditions.     

Fusion Innovative Confinement Concepts: 2004

This paper summarizes recent progress in fusion Innovative Confinement Concepts (ICC) as reported at the 2004 ICC Workshop held May 25–28, 2004 in Madison, Wisconsin. This was the third in an annual series of workshops on this topic. The purpose of these workshops is to provide a forum for those who are thinking and working beyond what is considered to be the current state of understanding of fusion concepts.     

热稠密物质的电子压强及能量的计算

在球元胞、中心力场、Fermi统计近似下,用平均原子模型得到计算电子压强和能量所需要的全部原子参数。通过去掉束缚电子对压强的贡献,简化了计算过程,计算得到热稠密物质Fe,37Rb在26任意温度和密度下的单电子能级、电子压强以及电子总能量。     

基于屏栅电离室的双参数谱仪研制及其应用

以屏栅电离室为基础，同时引出其阳级和阴极信号，研制了1台能够同时记录两路信号的双参数谱仪，在DEC－3000工作站上编制程序，实现了双维谱数据的获取、显示和存储。利用所建立的谱仪，测量了α放射源的双维谱，计算了α粒子的角分布，并讨论了如何利用角分布来校正活度测量中自吸收和反散射的影响以及改善电离室阳极能谱的能量分辨率。     

大体积阱式NaI(Tl)探测器的效率计算与测量

使用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了一个用于4πγ计数的大体积阱式NaI(Tl)探测器的效率和能谱。采用一系列单能γ源标定探测器,对计算结果进行检验,其结果基本一致,两者间的最大偏差不超过±8%,证明计算结果是可靠的。     

静态随机存储器单粒子翻转效应的二维数值模拟

采用MEDICI二维模拟软件对静态存储器SRAM的单粒子翻转(SEU)现象进行了计算。对MOSFET漏区模拟得到的结果与电荷漏斗模型相吻合,表明所建立的物理模型的正确性。通过输入不同粒子的线性能量传输LET值,得到了某一结构器件的收集电荷与LET值的关系曲线,并给出临界电荷7 73×10-14C。     

UV-vis and photoluminescent spectra of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films

TiO₂ fims have been deposited on glass substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures from 0. 10 Pa.to 0.65 Pa. The transmittance (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films were recorded. The results of the UV-vis spectra show that the deposition rate of the films decreased at oxygen partial pressure P(O₂)≥0.15 Pa, the band gap increased from 3.48 eV to 3.68eV for direct transition and from 3.27 eV to 3.34 eV for indirect transition with increasing the oxygen partial pressure. The PL spectra show convincingly that the transition for films was indirect, and there were some oxygen defect energy levels at the band gap of the films. With increasing the O₂ partial pressure, the defect energy levels decreased. For the films sputtered at 0.35 and 0.65 Pa there were two defect energy levels at 2.63 eV and 2.41 eV, corresponding to 0.72 eV and 0.94 eV below the conduction band for a band gap of 3.35 eV, respectively. For the films sputtered at 0.10 Pa and 0.15 Pa, there was an energy band formed between 3.12 eV and 2.06 eV, corresponding to 0.23 eV and 1.29 eV below the conduction band. ZHAO Qing-nan : Born in 1963 Funded by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China.