UBET-based numerical modeling of bulk deformation processes

The paper summarizes the development of numerical procedures for modeling bulk deformation process and preform designing techniques based on the upper bound elemental technique (UBET). UBET has a unique place where an approximate, but faster solution is needed for decision making. In designing and optimizing multistage forging and profile ring-rolling processes, an approximate solution can be used to identify the most influential process parameters. Once an optimum combination of process conditions are determined, computationally intensive, but more accurate finite element analysis can be used to verify and refine results. In this paper, UBET procedures for closed-die forging and profile ring rolling are high-lighted. Experimental investigations are used to validate the model predictions. Also, the UBET-based preform design tool is presented as a process and die design tool for multistage forging processes. Application of these techniques is presented with evidence of effective material usage and extended overall die-life.     

铸铁中微量元素分布规律的异化及应用

Pb、As、Sn等微量元素在不同形态的石墨区域中有不同的分布规律；在A型石墨区偏聚在基体中，在D型石墨区偏聚在石墨上。利用这两种分布规律，制取含Pb、As、Sn D型石墨铸铁，使Pb、As、Sn主要聚集在石墨上，微量残留在基体中，可以获得良好的力学性能。     

微合金交互作用及配比对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响

研究了微合金交互作用及配比对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响。结果表明，多元微合金添加于灰铸铁中，各微合金元素之间会产生交互作用，合理的微合金配比是获得良好综合作用的保证。     

SiCp/AlMMCs填充含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB2原位增强焊丝与4047焊丝的TIG焊研究

使用自制的含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB₂原位增强与4047焊丝为填充材料对T6态SiCp/AlMMCs 进行TIG焊,对接头的力学性能、显微组织以及断口形貌和第二相粒子进行分析。结果表明：两种焊丝焊接该种材料的焊缝成型优良,4047焊丝成型更加美观；TiB₂接头的抗拉强度明显优于ER4047接头,平均强度达到171.88MPa,相对于4047接头强度提高40.03%,TiB₂粒子起到了原位增强的作用；两种接头的硬度值在焊缝中心近似呈对称分布,焊缝区硬度最低,平均值分别为：71.65HV、60.02HV,热影响区硬度的“过时效”现象明显；焊缝中SiC颗粒较少,存在严重贫瘠区 ,未发现明显的Al₄C₃脆性物；显微组织都为枝晶组织,但4047接头焊缝枝晶粗大,TiB₂接头焊缝晶粒细小,稀土元素Sc、Ce、Be起到了细化晶粒的作用,且TiB₂粒子在焊缝中分布均匀；TiB2接头断口中气孔较少,为韧-脆性混合性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较多；4047接头断口中气孔较多,为韧性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较少。     

Influence of geometry on galvanic corrosion of AZ91D coupled to steel

The influence of geometric factors on the galvanic current density distribution for AZ91D coupled to steel was investigated using experimental measurements and a BEM model. The geometric factors were area ratio of anode/cathode, insulation distance between anode and cathode, depth of solution film covering the galvanic couple and the manner of interaction caused by two independent interacting galvanic couples. The galvanic current density distribution calculated from the BEM model was in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The galvanic current density distribution caused by the interaction of two independent galvanic couples can be reasonably predicted as the linear addition of the galvanic current density caused by each individual galvanic couple.     

铸钢件裂纹与钢中夹杂物关系及减少措施

钢中夹杂物是铸钢裂纹产生的主要原因,同时对钢的质量和力学性能等有很大影响,必须严格控制.外来夹杂物可以根据其来源采取相应措施加以去除,而内生夹杂物却需通过脱氧工艺及钙处理工艺新技术加以控制.在冶炼过程中,要加强时脱氧、脱硫、去夹杂物、去气体等冶炼操作,并在炉后钢包内采取必要的措施,如加稀土进行变质处理等来改变夹杂物的形状,减少夹杂物,以降低铸钢裂纹倾向.     

Fe3Al合金与Q235钢扩散焊界面元素的扩散

对Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊界面附近元素的分布进行计算并通过电子探针进行测定。结果表明，界面附近Al、Fe元素分布计算值和实测值的扩散趋势一致。随着加热温度和保温时间的增加，Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊界面附近元素的扩散距离增大。Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊界面过渡区宽度与保温时间的关系符合抛物线生长规律，保温时间超过60min后界面过渡区宽度不再明显增加。     

淬火介质对7055铝合金晶界析出行为的影响

采用透射电镜研究了淬火介质对7055铝合金晶界析出相及无沉淀析出带的影响。结果表明，空气淬火时，合金冷却过程在晶界上析出η平衡相。合金经室温水淬及沸水淬火合金时效后，晶界析出相尺寸差别小，呈链状连续分布；晶界无沉淀，析出带较窄，平均宽度分别约为33nm和43nm。空气淬火合金时效后晶界析出相尺寸差别较大，呈不连续分布；晶界无沉淀，析出带很宽，约102nm。对其原因进行了分析和讨论。     

一种金属线材制件的手动绕弯模

多品种，小批量，大尺寸的对称线材制件，采用手动绕弯模弯曲能提高经济效益，本文介绍了其模具结构与应用实例。     

稀土元素对NiAl/CrMo(Hf)共晶合金氧化性能影响

研究了稀土元素Ce、Nd对NiAl-28Cr-5．5Mo—0．5Hf合金高温氧化性能的影响。并通过扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了氧化产物的微观组织与成分．结果表明：稀土的加入改变了表层氧化膜中各氧化物的含量。适量稀土元素的加入可消除内氧化和减小氧化增重．