Earl Clement Brown (1928-2002).

Obituary [Earl Clement Brown; 1928-2002]. Earl Clement Brown was born on July 23, 1928, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and died in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 22, 2002. He attended the University of Denver from 1948 until 1950 and earned the bachelor of arts (1949) and master of arts (1950) degrees. He earned the doctor of philosophy degree from Purdue University in 1953 after having attended that university from 1950 until 1953. His doctoral dissertation was titled "A Factor Analysis of Projective Electroencephalographic and Metabolic Variables." After holding positions at various Veterans Administration hospitals, Brown was appointed associate professor of psychology at Emory University. He was professor, director of clinical studies (1961-1963), acting department head (1962-1963), and head (1963-1965) of psychology at the University of Alabama. He moved to Georgia State College in 1965 to establish a graduate program; a master of arts program was started in 1965, and a doctor of philosophy program was started in 1967. He served as department head from 1965 until 1971 and remained a professor of psychology until his retirement in 1986. In the Southeastern Psychological Association, Brown served on the Executive Committee (1965-1968) and was president (1969 -1970). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

快中子透射法测管道油垢的初步研究

利用快中子透射法检测管道油垢，其实验装置由Am-Be中子源、ZnS探测器和BH1224多道谱仪组成。用石蜡仿油垢，铁板仿管壁。实验结果表明，透射率倒数的对数与标定石蜡厚度间具有很好的线性相关性，相关系数为0.999 6，在本实验装置和条件下，测厚准确度为0.6 mm.     

润滑脂在钢管中流动的壁滑移研究

通过理论分析与实验研究，首次证实了管内流动的润滑脂在所实验的剪切速率范围内均有壁滑移现象；根据润滑脂的分子结构分析了壁滑移产生的机理；由实测数据，根据Mooney方法按边界层理论得出了壁滑移速度的大小；分析了剪应力、管径等对壁滑移的影响；在对Robinowitsch-Mooney方程进行改进的基础上，建立了扣除壁滑移后的流动模型和流变模型；讨论了壁滑移对管道流动的减阻效果和弹流润滑的作用．     

Characteristics and treatability of oil-bearing wastes from aluminum alloy machining operations

Enomoto Industry Co., exclusively uses water-based cutting fluids in its aluminum alloy machining operations. Since the cost of disposal can be much greater than the cost of purchase, the treatability of spent cutting fluids is becoming a major criterion for cutting fluid selection. Samples were collected from the machining lines at Enomoto's facility to determine their characteristics and evaluate their treatability with centrifugation, chemical coagulation and electrochemical coagulation. As expected, oil and grease (O&G) and total suspended solids (TSS) are the main reasons that spent cutting fluids are prohibited from being discharged into local swage systems. The average O&G found in the spent cutting fluids is 87,354 mg/L with TSS of more than 70,000 mg/L. Both O&G and TSS are the major contributors to the high turbidity of these waste effluents. A centrifuge with a relative centrifugal force of 1318 x g, was able to reduce 60% of the turbidity. By adding the coagulant aluminum chloride, the oil-water emulsion was destabilized, and the turbidity was reduced from 3249 Formazin Attenuation Units (FAU) to around 314 FAU. With freshly generated aluminum ions in the spent cutting fluid, the electrochemical process destabilized the oil-water emulsion system. The coalesced oil droplets were adsorbed onto the highly dispersed aluminum coagulant. The oil-rich sludge that was generated in the operation was then floated to the surface, forming a blanket that was removed by skimming. The electrochemical treatment was able to reduce the turbidity to less than 14 FAU, which is the detection limit of the Hach DR/4000 UV-vis spectrophotometer.     

Influence of brown coal on limit of phytotoxicity of soils contaminated with heavy metals

The paper gives knowledge and application values in efficiency of applying brown coal to limit uptake of heavy metals from contaminated soils by different plant species. The paper determines possibility and principles of using brown coal in reclamation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and rebuilding soils on devastated terrains like terrain in the influence zone of Copper-Smelter "Legnica". On the basis of pot experiment it was stated that increasing doses of brown coal limited phytotoxicity of soils. Results of the paper show that tested fertilizer could be applied on soils strongly contaminated with heavy metals giving long-lasting improvement of reclaimed soils.     

Estimation of genetic parameters for perinatal sucking behavior of Italian Brown Swiss calves

Brown Swiss breeders sometimes experience difficulties in feeding calves because of the weak sucking ability of the calves in the early days of life. For the welfare of the calves, they should be suckled by their dams or should aggressively ingest colostrum immediately after birth. The composition of colostrum changes rapidly during the first few days of lactation, and the ability of calves to absorb the Ig decreases quickly as well. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of environmental and genetic components affecting the sucking response, to evaluate the possibility of selecting for this trait. Sucking ability was recorded in 3 categories (drank from the milk bucket nipple or bottle without help, drank with help, did not drink) at 5 post-natal meals (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h from birth). Records were analyzed with 2 different models: a single-trait threshold sire model, in which all observations were analyzed as a single trait with 5 levels, and a multiple-trait threshold liability sire model, in which meal-by-meal observations were analyzed as 5 different binary traits. Management procedures, the interval between birth and meals, parity, and season of birth were environmental factors affecting the variability in sucking ability. The heritability estimate for the single-trait analysis was 0.14, whereas heritabilities for the multiple-trait analysis were 0.26, 0.22, 0.21 0.12, and 0.13 for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth meal, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations among traits were high (0.82 to 0.99). This study suggests the possibility of selection based on sucking ability. Future collection of larger data sets on the sucking response of calves in the first 2 meals after birth would increase the accuracy of genetic parameter estimates.     

Hydrous pyrolysis of two kinds of low-rank coal for relatively long duration

Brown coal samples were treated with hot water in a stainless steel batch reactor at 623 K for 2-72 h. After this hot hydrous treatment, gas, oils, and residues were recovered. The resulting residues were chemically analyzed in detail to understand the reaction chemistry during hydrous pyrolysis. Oxygen functionalities were analyzed chemically with the titration method and carbon types in the residue were examined by solid-state ¹³C NMR measurement. Elemental analyses showed that the oxygen atoms in the residue decreased markedly up to 2 h while treatments longer than 48 h were also very effective in removing oxygen functionalities from brown coal. The detailed chemical analyses revealed that alcoholic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were decomposed in the earlier stages of the treatment, and that ether bonds may be cleaved during the latter stages of the hot hydrous pyrolysis. Experiments using two kinds of brown coal gave very different results. A comparison of the chemical structure of these two coals revealed the origin of the difference; one of them has a greater amount of hydroaromatic moieties than the other, which act as a hydrogen source even during hydrous pyrolysis occurring at temperatures as low as 623 K.     

润滑脂组分对脂导电性能的影响

考察了润滑脂组分对脂导电性的影响。结果表明不同基础油对润滑脂电导率有一定影响,不同稠化剂对电导率影响不大,导电填料对润滑脂的导电作用受填料本身的导电性和填料颗粒接触效果的影响,适宜的有机复合导电剂可大幅度提高润滑脂的电导率。有机导电剂的导电机理与导电填料的导电机理不同,前是靠改变润滑脂的电荷排序而提高润滑脂的导电性能的。     

21世纪润滑脂包装的展望

概述了国外润滑脂包装技术发展进程,并讨论了我国润滑脂包装技术的发展前景。