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61.
Following the previous article [Du, W., Bao, X., Xu, J., Wei, W., 2006. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of spouted bed: assessment of drag coefficient correlations. Chemical Engineering Science 61 (5), 1401-1420], this contribution describes the influences of the frictional stress, maximum packing limit and coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD simulation of spouted beds. Using the two-fluid method embedded in the commercial CFD simulation package Fluent 6.1, the spouting hydrodynamics of a cylindrical-conical spouted bed was simulated and verified with the experimental data of He et al. [He, Y.L., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., Zhu, J.X., Qin, S.Z., 1994a. Measurements of voidage profiles in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72 (4), 229-234; He, Y.L., Qin, S.Z., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., 1994b. Particle velocity profiles and solid flow patterns in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72(8), 561-568]. The results showed that, for coarse particles, the frictional stress is important only for the annulus computation and has no obvious effects on the hydrodynamics of the solids flow in the spout region. The specification of the maximum packing limit could significantly affect the properties of the pseudo-fluid phase of the particles by changing the radial distribution function. The strong dependence of the pseudo-fluid properties of the particle phase, such as pressure, bulk viscosity and shear viscosity, on the granular temperature accounts for the influence of the coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD modeling. The solids volume fraction at loose packing state is suitable for spouted bed simulations, and a pretest of the coefficient of restitution of particles must be conducted when no experimental datum is available. 相似文献
62.
Volker MicheleDietmar C. Hempel 《Chemical engineering science》2002,57(11):1899-1908
Bubble columns are an important class of contacting devices in chemical industry and biotechnology. Their simple setup makes them ideal reactors for two- and three-phase operations such as fermentations or heterogeneous catalysis. Still, design and operation of these reactors is subject to widely empirical scale-up strategies. With recent advances in the development of measurement techniques, a more detailed approach to the development of optimized reactors for specific operations should become possible. This report is based on detailed measurements of local dispersed phase holdups in a pilot plant-sized bubble column operated at high superficial gas velocities and solid holdups. It deals with the influence of superficial gas velocity, solid loading and sparger geometry on measured and computed liquid flow velocities and holdup distributions. Liquid velocity measurements have been performed using the electrodiffusion method, modeling calculations have been carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX-4.3. Measurement results presented here give an insight into the development of liquid circulation and fluctuating velocity distribution depending on superficial gas velocity, solid loading and sparger geometry. CFD results implementing a multi-fluid model with k-ε turbulence and special momentum exchange terms for direct gas-solid interactions show that, even on standard PC workstations, this kind of computations can deliver qualitatively reasonable agreement with measurements. 相似文献
63.
Alexander Vikhansky 《Chemical engineering science》2004,59(13):2597-2606
In the present study we propose an extension of the Euler/Lagrangian approach for liquid-liquid two phase flows when the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is not small. The continuous phase velocity is obtained by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations augmented with the k-ε turbulence model. The motion of the dispersed phase is calculated by solving the equations of motion taking into account inertia, drag and buoyancy forces. The coupling between the phases is described by momentum source terms and the terms that account for turbulence generation by the droplets’ motion. Collision and breakage of the droplets are treated by a single particle Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation method. This method is based on a mass flow formulation and operator splitting technique. For validation of the numerical procedure the droplet size distribution and flow fields in a rotating disc contactor are calculated and compared with the existing experimental results. 相似文献
64.
为准确分析风洞结构参数对所产生的风场稳定性的影响规律,以现有低速风洞为蓝本,通过改变其试验段结构参数建立多个不同参数试验模型;采用ansys CFD对建立的多个新模型进行结构流体仿真,对仿真结果进行数据拟合,找出风洞收缩段曲线结构参数变化对试验段轴向风速梯度和法向风速均匀性的影响;仿真实验结果表明,试验段法向中心面的有效试验区的均匀性系数随着收缩段长度增加而减小,到一定程度趋于稳定,风洞模型在L> 23 cm后风场均匀性系数基本处于稳定,试验段前半段的风速轴向梯度明显大于后半段的风速轴向梯度,有效试验区域多集中在后半段,风洞模型中轴向有效试验区域x>(10~15) cm,可以为风洞的设计提供可靠参考. 相似文献
65.
峡谷和垭口地形风场特征的CFD数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为获得峡谷和垭口地形的风场特征和典型位置的风加速效应,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法进行模拟计算,将计算得到的单山结果与风洞试验及规范进行对比以验证CFD计算的有效性,对峡谷和垭口地形进行数值模拟计算,分析峡谷和垭口在不同山脚间距时的加速效应,针对内侧山脚和山顶处的加速比给出设计建议.研究表明:山顶处加速比最大;山体横风切面的加速效应比顺风切面显著;CFD模拟与风洞试验结果吻合较好;山顶处,垭口地形风加速效应比峡谷和单山都大;内侧山脚加速比随着两山靠近而增大;内侧山脚处,峡谷地形的加速比小于规范下限,垭口地形在山间距小于一半山体底部直径、离山表面高度低于0.4倍山体高度时的加速比大于规范上限;山顶处的加速比在各种工况下均比较接近;不建议将山顶和垭口位置作为构筑物的选址地点. 相似文献
66.
针对配水渠出水优化措施单一、优化效果欠佳的问题,运用CFD软件,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对其流速场进行数值模拟,探究了进口宽度(b)和配水渠宽度(B)变化时出水均匀度最优的配水渠长度(L),并优化了挡墙在双段配水渠中的最佳位置。结果表明:配水渠进口集中主流在池内流域空间的扩散程度是出水均匀度的主要影响因素;当b在1 200~1 600 mm范围时,L取1 750~2 250 mm时的出水均匀度最优,若b大于1 600 mm,最优的L值须适当增加,但不应大于3 000 mm;当B为3 900 mm时,L最佳取值为1 750~2 250 mm,当B为5 300或6 700 mm时,最佳的L值应增加500 mm左右;采用双段配水渠时,挡墙位置应设在进口侧,而不应在配水渠的中间位置。该研究可为配水渠的设计提供一定的理论指导。 相似文献
67.
68.
利用CFD软件对涵道风扇进行虚拟仿真,对共轴反桨双旋翼涵道风扇的空气特性进行分析。通过改变双旋翼的间距及飞行速度条件下仿真,对共轴反桨双旋翼涵道风扇气动特性的分析。结果表明,涵道距离对涵道扇有拉力有影响,但并不明显。在扰流的影响下,上桨盘产生的升力要小于下桨盘所产生的升力,并且涵道风扇不适合高速飞行。 相似文献
69.
70.
Computational fluid dynamics( CFD) is used to investigate a new type of two-chamber natural gas distributor,which has a natural gas inlet and nine nozzle outlets. The uniformity at the outlet of distributor is practice proven to have significant degree influence on its comprehensive performance. To improve the uniformity at the nozzles of the gas distributor,CFD modeling with the RNG k-ε turbulence model is undertaken to understand the mass flow rate of nozzles with reference to different length of chambers and the most optimal length is obtained. The internal flow pattern of the natural gas distributor is analyzed. It is found that the local maximum deviation of the nozzle outflow rate increases with the increase of chambers length when the length is more than 64 mm. The results provide useful suggestions for the optimal design of two-chamber natural gas distributor. 相似文献