大型管式加热炉燃烧传热CFD数值模拟

为了研究大型管式加热炉内部流动、传热和传质情况,采用计算流体力学的方法对石化行业中广泛应用的大型加热炉炉膛内部进行了数值模拟,用标准的k-ε湍流模型描述烟气湍流情况,非绝热的简化PDF燃烧模型计算了燃烧情况,离散坐标辐射传热模型对炉膛内辐射传热状况进行模拟。计算结果和工业运行数据吻合较好,模拟计算结果为大型加热炉优化设计提供了理论指导。     

遗传算法在离心泵叶轮设计中的应用

基于对旋转机械叶片参数化描述、叶栅流道网格参数化生成、流场数值模拟方法以及寻优算法的全局搜索性能四方面的研究,利用Blade Gen旋转机械叶片专业设计软件,对离心泵叶轮的叶型骨线、子午流面进行了参数化描述,并在Blade Gen中生成离心泵叶轮模型.利用Turbo Grid的高质量旋转机械六面体网格生成算法,对离心泵叶轮叶栅流道的网格进行拓扑计算及参数化控制,增大了后续流场分析的稳定性以及收敛速度.利用CFX的session文件,实现对CFX的后台参数化调用,建立了CFX环境下的完全自动化仿真分析过程.以Matlab为主控程序的方式,高效地整合了Blade Gen、Turbo Grid、CFX软件,建立了可扩展性好、鲁棒性强的离心泵叶片优化系统.     

新型三元双向相变制冷模型的建立与数值模拟

目的结合峰谷电价、室外自然冷源和相变储能三种节能技术,研究开发一种新型的三元双向板壳式换热储能模型．方法选取癸酸和月桂酸的混合物作为室温相变材料,利用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件对制冷剂单独制冷、室外自然冷源单独制冷以及联合制冷三种过程进行了数值模拟,由模拟得到的制冷过程中的PCMs的液相分数及温度场分布图,分析了其换热机理．结果制冷过程进行4h后,联合制冷液相分数由1变为0,制冷剂单独制冷液相分数由1变为0．7,室外自然冷源单独制冷液相分数由1变为0．2．结论联合制冷中,相变材料与冷冻水换热和相变材料与冷空气的换热互相耦合,与制冷剂单独制冷和室外自然冷源单独制冷相比,缩短了制冷时间,提高了能源利用率．     

喷嘴湿气井两相流在线计量装置研究及应用

传统的湿气井计量大多采用分离法,存在工艺流程复杂、造价高昂、占地面积大等缺陷。研制了以喷嘴为节流元件的湿气井气液两相流在线计量装置。应用Fluent软件仿真模拟了单相气、单相液、气液两相流过装置的流动特性,计算了虚高系数,建立了气液两相含率在线计量模型。CFD研究及现场应用表明:该装置模型计量精度高,气相计量误差在5%以内,液相计量误差在8%以内。该装置结构简单,可以将温度、压力、差压、气流量、液流量集成在一个表头显示,可以异地重复使用,维护量少,降低计量设备安装与维护成本,满足气田开发工程计量的需要。     

Turbulence damping above the cloud height in suspensions of concentrated slurries in stirred tanks

Poor mixing in the clear liquid layer above the cloud height has been reported by several authors. This study uses LDV measurements to quantify turbulence above the cloud using a liquid level of 1.5 T to remove the barrier of a free surface at H = T. A D = T/3, down-pumping PBT was used at an off-bottom clearance of C = T/3. Three slurries were tested at impeller speeds 0.8, 1, and 1.2N_js. The change in turbulence was quantified using the normalized root mean square (RMS) of the fluctuating velocity summed and averaged over each radial traverse. A significant difference between the fluctuating values of the cloud height—minimum, average, and maximum—was observed. The turbulence decays until the maximum cloud height. Beyond that, it remains constant and near zero. The effects of both particle size and solids concentration prove to be important.     

Study of filtered interphase heat transfer using highly resolved CFD–DEM simulations

Accurately predicting the complex inhomogeneous heat transfer behavior in gas–solid fluidized beds is of fundamental importance. In this work, we constitute an enhanced filtered interphase heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) closure by systematically filtering the dataset from highly resolved three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics–discrete element model simulations. Particularly, effects of several potential filtered variable markers on filtered IHTC predictions are examined by statistical analysis. We reveal the formulated filtered IHTC correction closure manifests a systematic dependence on filtered interphase temperature difference as an additional marker. The proposed closure shows good agreement with the filtered fine-grid simulation data in an a priori analysis. Moreover, the difference of filtered IHTC corrections deduced from 3D Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange simulations is quantified. Finally, the comparative analysis between our proposed filtered IHTC formulation and those in literature is implemented. This work holds a potential to facilitate the development of thermal gas–solid flow modeling.     

工件气体淬火过程数值模拟

用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对工件气体淬火过程进行了数值模拟,在FLUENT平台上建立了真空高压气淬炉的三维非稳态模型,模拟了炉膛内流场和工件温度场的分布,模拟了圆柱形单工件淬火过程气体类型、气体压力和速度对冷却速度的影响,并模拟了多工件淬火冷却过程,预测了炉内不同位置处工件的冷却曲线。将模拟结果与实验结果相比较,两者基本吻合,为气体淬火工艺的优化提供了理论依据。     

Numerical modeling of in-flight characteristics of inconel 625 particles during high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict particle dynamic behavior in a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray gun in which premixed oxygen and propylene are burnt in a combustion chamber linked to a long, parallel-sided nozzle. The particle transport equations are solved in a Lagrangian manner and coupled with the two-dimensional, axisymmetric, steady state, chemically reacting, turbulent gas flow. Within the particle transport model, the total flow of the particle phase is modeled by tracking a small number of particles through the continuum gas flow, and each of these individual particles is tracked independently through the continuous phase. Three different combustion chamber designs were modeled, and the in-flight particle characteristics of Inconel were 625 studied. Results are presented to show the effect of process parameters, such as particle injection speed and location, total gas flow rate, fuel-to-oxygen gas ratio, and particle size on the particle dynamic behavior for a parallel-sided, 12 mm long combustion chamber. The results indicate that the momentum and heat transfer to particles are primarily influenced by total gas flow. The 12 mm long chamber can achieve an optimum performance for Inconel 625 powder particles ranging in diameter from 20 to 40 μm. At a particular spraying distance, an optimal size of particles is observed with respect to particle temperature. The effect of different combustion chamber dimensions on particle dynamics was also investigated. The results obtained for both a 22 mm long chamber and also one with a conical, converging design are compared with the baseline data for the 12 mm chamber.     

防雨帽对探空仪湿度测量影响的CFD研究

采用流体动力学方法研究了GL-5000P探空仪湿度传感器的防雨帽对湿度测量的影响.运用Pro/E对湿度测量系统结构进行建模,使用前处理软件ICEM对其进行网格划分,导入Fluent软件进行稳态和瞬态计算分析.模拟结果表明:GL-5000P防雨帽很好地防止了高空云雨滴对湿度传感器的影响,其兼具一定的防太阳辐射功能,但高空25 km以上防辐射能力减弱,甚至起相反作用;防雨帽厚度对太阳辐射误差影响较小,而其反射率影响则较显著;瞬态分析揭示了传感器表面的湿度场分布产生了时间滞后,且时间滞后常数随海拔高度的升高而增加,到27 km达到0.42 s.该研究为湿度垂直廓线的时间滞后修正提供了理论依据.     

催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT,以用户自定义函数(UDF)添加化学反应和反应热,对实验室带有陶瓷膜管分散器的催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器进行模拟计算,得出反应床层不同部位的硫化物含量分布和温度分布状况。从反应床层的入口到出口,催化柴油的硫化物含量逐渐下降,且下降速度趋缓。在压力6.5 MPa、混氢量0.84%(m)、空速2 h~(-1)、进口温度633 K的条件下,位于床层高度0.15 m处出现最高温度点643.8 K,径向温差最大2.1 K,表明催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器催化剂装填合适的高径比为4~6。工艺条件的模拟结果表明:随着进口温度上升、混氢量增加、空速减小脱硫率提高,与实验数据吻合程度较好,说明模拟研究过程中采用的模型和控制方程准确性较高。