水-油连续螺旋折流板换热器热力性能研究

利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamic, CFD)方法,针对连续螺旋折流板换热器建立物理模型和数学模型,在管侧介质为水和壳侧介质为原油条件下,研究不同原油流量及螺旋角对螺旋折流板换热器内部流场、换热性能及阻力性能的影响,并拟合了水油换热时螺旋折流板换热器的Nu、f与Re的关联式。结果表明：22°螺旋角的螺旋折流板换热器与其它较小螺旋角换热器对比,壳侧压降和换热系数逐渐减小,综合换热性能最佳。通过对壳侧原油为层流状态下的阻力系数和对流换热系数关系式进行拟合,更好地指导水-油连续螺旋折流板换热器的热力设计。     

三塔合一间接空冷塔换热能力与烟气扩散的数值模拟

基于CFD方法研究了环境风速对某2×350 MW机组三塔合一间接空冷塔（塔内布置两座脱硫排烟装置）空冷三角散热量和烟气扩散的影响。结果表明：空冷塔内布置脱硫排烟装置对空冷塔的进风量和空冷三角散热量的影响可忽略不计;随着环境风速的增大,两台机组运行时三塔合一和常规间接空冷塔（塔内无脱硫排烟装置）的进风量和空冷三角散热量呈现先减小后基本不变的规律,一台机组运行时三塔合一和常规间接空冷塔的进风量和空冷三角散热量呈现先减小后增加的规律;对于烟气扩散,随着环境风速的增大,SO2气体的最低扩散高度呈现先降低后基本不变的规律,SO2气体的扩散距离呈现逐渐减小的规律,且两台机组运行时SO2气体的扩散距离明显大于一台机组。     

气动弹片对垂直轴风力机性能影响研究

片对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响并分析了其流动机理。结果表明：气动弹片在高尖速比下可显著抑制流动分离并改善其动态失速特性,功率系数得到极大提升;切向力和转矩系数在气动弹片作用相位角范围内,均有一定提高,而在其它相位角内,风力机性能不受影响。     

粮机设计中的数值模拟研究

概述了计算流体动力学（CFD）技术的特点,并以旋风分离器为应用实例,介绍了CFD在粮机设计中的应用。     

Some aspects concerning modelling the flow and heat transfer in horizontal mantle heat exchangers in solar water heaters

An experimental and numerical investigation has been undertaken to study the heat transfer process in horizontal mantle heat exchangers used in solar water heaters. A rectangular cavity has been used as a simplified geometry. With the aid of particle image velocimetry (PIV) the flow field in the centre‐plane of the rectangular cavity has been visualized. Three‐dimensional flow simulations were performed using a commercial CFD package. The impinging jet formed by the inlet flow directed towards the opposite wall was found to produce localised turbulence in the cavity, with an inlet Reynolds number as low as 360. This turbulence was found to effect the flow field and heat transfer in the cavity when the inlet Reynolds number was above 1200. It is shown that, with the boundary conditions used in this study, most of the heat transferred was in the bottom half of the cavity. This is not the ideal situation for optimization of solar water heating systems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分隔室压燃式天然气发动机燃烧过程变参数多维模拟计算

利用详细的化学动力学机理与CFD多维数值模拟计算软件,对分隔室压燃式天然气发动机的着火及燃烧过程进行了变参数模拟研究。研究的参数包括：喷气时刻、进气终了温度、天然气成分。模拟内容有：着火时刻、缸内平均压力、NO质量分数。结果表明,喷气提前使最高温度压力增加,NO排放增加;提高进气终了温度可以改善着火性能;天然气中乙烷含量增加可以改善着火性能,同时使最高温度压力增加,NO排放增加。     

The effective velocity model: An improved approach to velocity sampling in actuator line models

Actuator line modeling of wind turbines requires the definition of a free-stream velocity in a computational mesh and a regularization kernel to project the computed body forces onto the domain. Both choices strongly influence the results. In this work, a novel velocity sampling method—the so-called effective velocity model (EVM)—is implemented in the CFD software SOWFA, validated, and compared to pre-existing approaches. Results show superior method robustness with respect to the regularization kernel width ( $ϵ$) choice while preserving acceptable accuracy. In particular, the power predicted by the EVM is nearly independent of the $ϵ$ value.     

管道冲刷腐蚀缺陷对超声测量流体速度的影响

针对管道内流体冲刷腐蚀管壁变薄最终导致管内流体泄漏的问题,采用超声多普勒检测法测量管道内流体速度分布以判断管壁的损伤程度。建立带有缺陷的管道内流体模型,通过CFD数值模拟分析了不同雷诺数以及不同缺陷下管道内流体状态。利用含有不同预制缺陷管壁厚度的有机玻璃作为实验测量对象,超声多普勒检测法测量参量分别为入射频率8MHz,入射角10°。CFD数值模拟以及UVP实验结果均表明,在缺陷不同位置处的流体速度分布具有较大区别,具体表现为在缺陷位置处缺陷越大流体速度分布越平缓;在缺陷临界点位置处产生了涡流现象,随着缺陷的增大和流量的增大,涡流现象将更加明显;在远离缺陷位置后的流体速度分布与缺陷位置前的区别并不明显。     

催化裂化装置烟气轮机积垢及其增厚机理

针对近年来炼油厂中出现的催化裂化烟气轮机结垢严重问题, 采用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)对催化剂平衡剂、烟机入口催化剂颗粒和垢样进行了微观形貌的分析, 结果表明, 烟机叶片上的结垢主要是由1～2 μm的催化剂颗粒组成。对催化剂黏附在叶片表面的机理进行研究, 分析黏附力对黏附作用的影响, 结果表明, 催化剂颗粒粒径越小, 越容易被黏附, 与SEM的结果吻合。通过CFD模拟烟机流道内速度场的分布, 验证了黏附力对结垢的影响。