车用液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法

针对车用液力变矩器复杂动态过程中工作相位随时发生转换,不能及时判断相应流场结构的改变,难以对瞬时流场特性进行准确仿真的问题,基于传统变矩器CFD流道模型和导轮空转无叶片模型,建立了液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真模型。该仿真模型可以自动识别变矩器变矩、偶合和功率反传等工作相位及其相位转换过程,并根据导轮是否空转自动选择相应流道模型。对某变矩器进行了一系列稳态通用特性和动态特性的仿真与试验研究,对比结果表明,液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法对变矩器稳态和动态特性仿真精度较高,有效解决了变矩器复杂动态过程难以快速实时仿真的问题,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

CFD simulation of a floating offshore wind turbine system using a variable-speed generator-torque controller

Prediction and control of rotor rotational velocity is critical for accurate aerodynamic loading and generator power predictions. A variable-speed generator-torque controller is combined with the two-phase CFD solver CFDShip-Iowa V4.5. The developed code is utilized in simulations of the 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) conceptualized by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration (OC3). Fixed platform simulations are first performed to determine baseline rotor velocity and developed torque. A prescribed platform motion simulation is completed to identify effects of platform motion on rotor torque. The OC3’s load case 5.1, with regular wave and steady wind excitation, is performed and results are compared to NREL’s OC3 results. The developed code is shown to functionally control generator speed and torque but requires controller calibration for maximum power extraction. Generator speed variance is observed to be a function of unsteady stream-wise platform motions. The increased mooring forces of the present model are shown to keep the turbine in a more favorable variable-speed control region. Lower overall platform velocity magnitudes and less rotor torque are predicted corresponding to lower rotor rotational velocities and a reduction in generated power. Potential improvements and modifications to the present method are considered.     

Influence of conveyance methods for pulverised coal injection in a blast furnace

Pulverised coal injection (PCI) is a widely adopted industry practice for reducing blast furnace coke rates. The conditions under which pulverised coal (PC) is injected and combusted, including the co-injection of natural gas (NG), can lead to complex combustion phenomena inside the blast furnace, which must be understood to provide improved furnace performance. This research examines computational simulations of the co-injection phenomena, as well as the industrial drivers behind the project. A wide-ranging parametric study was conducted utilising numerous variations in furnace operating conditions, as well as a new technique for the conveyance of PC. It was found that utilising NG as the carrier gas for PCI could increase coal burnout across the raceway region from about 71% to approximately 87% without altering the design of the tuyere/blowpipe region, with an increase to 96% possible if a shift to a dual lance design for NG injection is considered.     

射流装置启泵过程的瞬态特性

射流装置由射流泵和主泵组成,引入MRX(Marine Reactor X)压水堆一回路系统中,有助于提升反应堆的固有安全性。反应堆启泵过程中,流量急剧上升导致堆芯温度变化,影响堆芯运行安全。通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法对引入射流装置MRX一回路10%满功率(Full Power,FP)、17.5%FP和25%FP堆芯功率下启泵进行三维瞬态模拟,分析MRX一回路中射流装置流场瞬态特性。结果表明,射流装置的加入可以改善一回路自然循环能力,提高启泵工况下冷却剂初始变化流量,减缓变化趋势,改善过渡安全性;启泵过程中一回路温度存在波动现象,且堆芯功率越大,波动幅度越大,时间越长;启泵完成后射流泵喷嘴处流速较大。验证了压水堆中引入射流装置提升反应堆固有安全性的可行性,同时为进一步优化设计方案提供方向参考。     

Flow characteristics of natural circulation in a lead–bismuth eutectic loop

Lead and lead-alloys are proposed in future advanced nuclear system as coolant and spallation target.To test the natural circulation and gas-lift and obtain thermal-hydraulics data for computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and system code validation, a lead–bismuth eutectic rectangular loop, the KYLIN-Ⅱ Thermal Hydraulic natural circulation test loop, has been designed and constructed by the FDS team. In this paper, theoretical analysis on natural circulation thermal-hydraulic performance is described and the steady-state natural circulation experiment is performed. The results indicated that the natural circulation capability depends on the loop resistance and the temperature and center height differences between the hot and cold legs. The theoretical analysis results agree well with,while the CFD deviate from, the experimental results.     

水力脉动对水电站机组及厂房结构的影响研究与振动控制综述

水力振源在某些工况下可能对机组的正常运行造成影响,同时引起厂房结构不同程度的振动,且水力振源频域分布广,作用范围大,是水力、机械、电磁3种振源中最主要的振源,因此研究水力脉动及其造成的影响有着十分重要的意义。现有的研究成果对于水力振源特性的研究主要依赖于模型试验,存在模型尺寸比例误差和测点过少等问题,对于机组及厂房结构的振动稳定性计算也过于简化。根据计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,提出一种新的厂房水力振源研究方法,将水力振源转化为激励作用于转轮、蜗壳、尾水管部位,研究机组及厂房结构的稳定性,是未来可能的水力振源施加新方法,有着重要工程实际意义及应用前景。     

CFD simulation of bubbling and collapsing characteristics in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） has become an alternative method to experiments for understanding the fluid dynamics of multiphase flow. A two-fluid model, which contains additional terms in both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, is used to investigate the fluidization quality in a fluidized bed. A case study for quartz sand with a density of 2,660 kg/m^3 and a diameter of 500 μm, whose physical property is similar to a new kind of catalyst for producing clean fuels through the residue fluid catalytic cracking process, is simulated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with 0.57 m width and 1.00 m height. Transient bubbling and collapsing characteristics are numerically investigated in the platform of CFX 4.4 by integrating user-defined Fortran subroutines. The results show that the fluidization and collapse process is in fair agreement with the classical theory of Geldart B classification, but the collapse time is affected by bubbles at the interface between the dense phase and freeboard.     

单个高温铝料卷冷却规律研究

高温铝料卷的强制通风冷却,能够大大减少料卷冷却时间,提高生产效率。本文根据工程实际,通过试验确定冷却送风方式,给出料卷准确的温降曲线。同时,运用CFD数值模拟,对比了自然冷却和机械冷却,的效果,为工艺人员确定高温铝料卷的冷却方式及料卷堆放场地的面积提供帮助。     

基于CFD分析的翼型性能预测

采用CFD软件FLUENT6．2对CW-1翼型进行数值模拟,预测并分析翼型的气动性能和噪声水平,为进行翼型性能优化奠定基础。     

发散形通道内的稳定电渗流动

电渗流通过外加电场来驱动液体通过微小通道,同时由于焦耳热效应的存在,也会在流体及通道表面形成热传导现象。应用计算流体力学方法,对矩形发散形微通道内电渗流流动所产生的流场、温度场进行了数值模拟和研究。由于流体的介电常数、电导率、粘性、热导率等属性依赖于温度的变化,焦耳热效应产生的温度场会改变流体的多种属性,并进而影响到流动速度、压力分布等。计算结果表明,焦耳效应在微管道芯片上产生了一个非均匀的热梯度场,并同时影响液体流动。热梯度场的存在在均匀截面通道内可以提高液体的流动速度,但在发散形通道内却不能产生相似的效果,此时的出口速度和体积流速都明显下降,分别达到约16%和60 μl/min。焦耳热效应同时通过降低流速和流动压力减弱了发散形管道的电渗流泵送性能。