六铝酸钙材料的合成及其显微结构研究

分别采用轻质碳酸钙和活性氧化铝 ,或纯铝酸钙水泥和活性氧化铝为初始原料 ,反应烧结合成了六铝酸钙 (CA6)材料 ,研究了原料和成型压力对合成材料的烧结性能和显微结构的影响 ,同时借助于XRD、TG -DSC、SEM和EDAX等测试手段对其反应过程、物相变化和显微结构进行了分析和观察。研究结果表明 :(1) 130 0℃时 ,合成材料的主晶相为刚玉相和CA2 ,并开始有CA6形成 ;温度升至14 0 0℃ ,CA6大量生成 ;15 0 0℃时反应完成 ,产物全部为CA6相。 130 0～ 15 0 0℃时 ,上述反应表现为体积膨胀过程 ,试样的体积密度和径向线收缩率随温度的变化不大 ;而高于 15 0 0℃时 ,试样明显趋向烧结 ,体积密度升高 ,线收缩率加大。采用纯铝酸钙水泥和活性氧化铝合成的试样的体积密度均高于采用轻质CaCO3 和活性氧化铝的 ,尤其在烧成温度高于 15 0 0℃时。坯体的成型压力对这两种合成试样的烧结性能均没有显著影响。 (2 )合成六铝酸钙材料的晶粒形貌与合成工艺有关 ,制备片状晶粒的六铝酸钙材料需满足两个条件 :一是晶核有足够的发育空间 ,二是从晶核生长形成片状结构需足够的物质扩散。采用纯铝酸钙水泥和活性氧化铝为原料的试样 ,其CA6晶核很容易发育成片状晶形 ,且随着坯体成型压力的增加 ,片状CA6有向等轴状发展的趋势 ;采用     

有广阔市场前景的化工产品—过氧化钙

本文叙述过氧化钙的性质,并以实例说明过氧比钙在水产养殖、食品加上、果蔬保鲜。环境保护、农作物栽培、橡胶及化工等奋方面的应用。     

超细Al（OH）3的粒度控制研究

采用铝酸钠种子分解法制备超细Al（OH）3.用X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了样品的晶相组成,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了样品的形貌,用激光粒度分析仪测定样品的粒度分布.研究了NaOH浓度、NaOH/Al（OH）3摩尔比,分解温度,分解时间、晶种率和搅拌速率等因素对Al（OH）3的粒度的影响.结果表明：NaOH浓度越高,分解温度越低,NaOH/Al（OH）3摩尔比越小,得到的Al（OH）3颗粒的粒度越小.试验条件为：NaOH浓度180 g/L,NaOH/Al（OH）3摩尔比1.15,分解温度40℃,分解时间26 h,晶种率8％,搅拌速率200 rpm时,氢氧化铝颗粒的平均粒度为2.89 μm.     

Effect of particle size on quality of crab meatballs using enzymatically deproteinized crab by-products

The production of crab meatballs generates large amount of crab shell waste, it is therefore necessary to develop a green, economical and environmentally friendly process to vaporize the waste. This study was aimed at investigating the applicability of microwave heating combined with ultrasonic field-assisted alkaline protease (MUSED) (50 ℃, pH = 9.0, 14025.67 U/g, 4.21 h and liquid/material = 14.41:1) for pretreatment of ball-milled crab shells. The ball milling efficiency of the crab shell powder pretreated by MUSED was observed to increase by 50 % compared to the control group, with the final average particle size of D₄ = 4.88 ± 0.20 um. High calcium solubility and low energy consumption of the ball-milled powder increased dietary calcium bioavailability and reduced the potential for high calorie intake. The addition of 6 % (w/w) crab shell powder treated by MUSED improved the texture of the crab meatballs (CM-D₄) and gave the product enhanced crab flavor relative to the control group. Moreover, the lower cooking loss of CM-D₄ resulted in significant retention of nutrients (p < 0.05). The crab shell powder treated by MUSED method was more efficient in ball milling, which improved the quality of crab meatballs while relieving environmental pressure.     

Phase change materials in the ternary system NH4Cl+CaCl2+H2O

Solubility isotherms of the ternary system (NH₄Cl+CaCl₂+H₂O) were elaborately determined at T= (273.15 and 298.15) K by using the isothermal method. In the equilibrium phase diagram, there are two solubility branches corresponding to the solid phases CaCl₂⋅6H₂O and NH₄Cl. Invariant point compositions are 36.32 wt% CaCl₂ and 3.4 wt% NH₄Cl at 273.15 K, and 45.86 wt% CaCl₂ and 5.22 wt% NH₄Cl at 298.15 K. A Pitzer-Simonson-Clegg thermodynamic model was applied to represent the thermodynamic properties of this ternary system and to construct a partial phase diagram of the ternary system at temperatures between (273.15 and 323.15) K. It was found in the predicted solubility phase diagram that the double salt 2NH₄Cl⋅CaCl₂⋅3H₂O, found by other authors at (323.1 and 348.1) K, will disappear at temperatures below 298.15 K. Besides, it was found that there are two peritectic points in the ternary system with peritectic temperatures at 299.65 K and 298.15 K, and the former peritectic point falls just on the line between the composition points of NH₄Cl and CaCl₂⋅6H₂O. According to phase rule, a solution made of this point will begin to crystallize at 299.65 K and end at 298 K and therefore can be acted as a “pseudo eutectic” phase change material (PCM). A heat storing and releasing experiment of 50 grams of the PCM was carried out, obtaining a satisfying result.     

重质碳酸钙活化的研究

采用硬脂酸对1500目重质碳酸钙进行湿法活化,利用正交实验研究了硬脂酸加入量、反应温度和反应时间对活化效果的影响。测定了改性前后重质碳酸钙活化度,并用红外光谱进行表征。     

碳酸钙沉淀势理论计算模型及其应用

水质化学稳定性评价指数较多,其中碳酸钙沉淀势(CCPP)是一个能定量分析CaCO3溶解或沉淀的精确指数.从理论上推导了CCPP计算模型,并基于Matlab计算求解.模型计算结果与已有相关软件的计算结果相比,该理论模型的计算值更接近试验结果,可以用其代替试验值进行水质化学稳定性分析.     

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂制备纳米钇铝石榴石粉体

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,硝酸盐为原料,采用沉淀法,通过仔细控制沉淀过程的工艺参数,得到了煅烧后可直接生成纯相YAG的前驱体沉淀物,前驱体经过900℃煅烧即可获得纳米YAG粉体.BET,TEM和XRD的测试结果表明纳米YAG粉体的晶粒尺寸为67～175nm,晶粒形态为球形,分散性良好.粉体达到完全致密化的最低烧结温度为1450℃.所获得的粉体经过1700℃真空烧结3h,烧结体具有一定的透明度.研究表明,这种纳米YAG粉体所具有的良好烧结活性与粉体的纳米晶粒尺寸,球形晶粒形态及极佳的分散性有关.     

均匀设计在烷基水杨酸钙合成中的应用

运用均匀设计对烷基水杨酸钙碱化反应进行研究，成功解决了产品钙含量、碱值偏低的主要问题。探讨了促进剂第一次和第二次加量、溶剂量及C02流量等因素的影响，建立了钙含量和碱值的数学模型，通过参数优化，确定了优化工艺条件。实验结果表明，在保证烷基水杨酸投料一定的前提下，促进剂两次进料比约为50：(60—65)g，溶剂用量为135—150g，C02流量控制在150ml/min以下，产品钙含量可达6．85％，碱值可达187mgKOH/g，产品质量明显提高。同时说明采用均匀设计进行实验，不仅可以提高工作效率、提高试验水平、节约时间、节约经费，而且利用它所建立的数学模型及模拟的单因素变化规律符合实际反应情况，并能进行推确、有效的预报，对生产具有积极的指导作用。