11届化学实验技能竞赛的实践与思考

为了激发大学生重视和积极参与化学实验的热情和兴趣,培养大学生严谨的学习态度、科学的研究方法、认真细致的思维方式,掌握化学实验的基本技能,提高大学化学实验课堂教学质量,我校自2001年开始,每年开展一次化学实验技能竞赛活动,至今已举办了11届。竞赛不仅夯实了学生的实验操作技能,锻炼了学生创新意识和初步的科研能力,也促进了实验教学水平提高,为我校探索培养和提高大学生实验能力的思路、途径和方法等方面带来了有益的启示。     

基于区分性GMM文本无关的话者识别的研究

说话人识别的关键在于如何为集合中的每一个人建立一个能表征该说话人个性特征的声学模型,建模方法将会严重影响系统的性能。基于当今与文本无关的话者识别的主流模型——高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixture Model,GMM）的基础上,从声学的角度剖析了男女发音的差别,以增加说话人之间的差异性为出发点,引入竞争性思想和通用背景模型（Universal Background Model,UBM）,提出了具有区分性的GMM的建模方法,克服了传统GMM需要大量训练样本的局限性和UBM将说话人强制服从统一分布的弱点。最后实验的对比结果表明,具有区分性的GMM相比传统的高斯混合模型在识别率上有所提高。     

中国网通的渠道建设浅析

阐述营销渠道相关概念，着重分析中国网通渠道模式特点，为中国网通的渠道管理(代理商管理)提出了一系列办法，得出最终赢得用户、占领市场的式关键是对代理商的有致管理及与其的顺畅合作的结论。     

基于企业与供应商关系的质量竞争力提升途径分析

一般而言,电子类产品所需的配件种类比较复杂,最终产品的质量竞争力不仅由其生产厂家决定,还受到中间各级供应商所供应配件质量水平的重要影响.本文在介绍企业与供应商传统竞争关系的基础上,重点分析了纵向集成(vertical integration)环境下企业与供应商之间的互利共赢关系,并借助上汽五菱与本田公司两个实例讲述了互利共赢关系下双方提升质量竞争力的一些途径.     

Sequential versus simultaneous approach in the location and design of two new facilities using planar Huff-like models

Companies frequently decide on the location and design for new facilities in a sequential way. However, for a fixed number of new facilities, the company might be able to improve its profit by taking its decisions for all the facilities simultaneously. In this paper we compare three different strategies: simultaneous location and independent design of two facilities in the plane, the same with equal designs, and the sequential approach of determining each facility in turn. The basic model is profit maximization for the chain, taking market share, location costs and design costs into account. The market share captured by each facility depends on the distance to the customers (location) and its quality (design), through a probabilistic Huff-like model. Recent research on this type of models was aimed at finding global optima for a single new facility, holding quality fixed or variable, but no exact algorithm has been proposed to find optimal solutions for more than one facility. We develop such an exact interval branch-and-bound algorithm to solve both simultaneous location and design two-facility problems. Then, we present computational results and exhibit the differences in locations and qualities of the optimal solutions one may obtain by the sequential and simultaneous approaches.     

Equal access to the energy infrastructure as a precondition to promote competition in the energy market. The case of European Union

In many EU countries, the infrastructures for supplying electricity and gas (electricity networks, gas pipelines, and storage facilities) are still properties of the so-called vertically integrated undertakings (VIU) responsible for the extraction or generation, supply, and transmission and distribution of the energy. While competition can be promoted in the generation/production and supply side of the vertical integration, transmission and distribution segments remain natural monopolies that hinder market mechanisms. Vertical integration simply raises the possibility for incumbents to favor their own divisions and to block new entrants. As a result, non-discriminatory and equal access to the electricity and gas transmission and distribution networks, also LNG and storage facilities, is crucial to foster competition in politically delicate structures of the electricity and gas markets.     

The Trans-Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP) as a unique project in the Eurasian gas network: A comparative analysis

Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP) as a part of the Southern Gas Corridor has significant implications for the transit security of the European Union and the domestic gas market of Turkey. Among those countries in Eurasia, only Turkey's process of liberalization is a success story, albeit an incomplete one. Surrounded by liberal markets to the West and monopolistic markets to the East, Turkey partially possesses a competitive gas market. TANAP, a unique project among the international pipelines in Eurasia, strengthens Turkey's peculiar position by de facto ending the monopoly of the incumbent BOTAŞ over gas transmission and thus contributes to the liberalization of the domestic market.     

The efficiency of postal services in the age of market liberalization and the internet: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

The rise in electronic communications and the recent liberalization of the postal market in the European Union have put national postal-service providers in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) under pressure to restructure and optimize their operations. The paper employs non-parametric methods to measure the relative technical and cost efficiency of CEE postal operators in terms of quantity-based and quality-based output indicators. The results indicate that inefficiency varies between 20% and 30%. Regression analysis attributes efficiency gains to increased competition, institutional reforms, less burdensome customs procedures, and population density, while use of electronic mail was negatively related to postal-service efficiency.     

Competition,regulation, and pricing behaviour in the Spanish retail gasoline market

The restructuring of the Spanish oil industry produced a highly concentrated oligopoly in the retail gasoline market. In June 1990, the Spanish government introduced a system of ceiling price regulation in order to ensure that “liberalization” was accompanied by adequate consumer protection. By 1998, prices were left to the “free” market. This paper examines the pricing behaviour of the retail gasoline market using multivariate error correction models over the period January 1993 (abolishment of the state monopoly)–December 2004. The results suggest that gasoline retail prices respond symmetrically to increases as well as to decreases in the spot price of gasoline both over the period of price regulation (January 1993–September 1998) and over the period of free market (October 1998–December 2004). However, once the ceiling price regulation was abolished, cooperation emerged between the government and the major operators, Repsol-YPF and Cepsa-Elf, to control the inflation rate. This resulted in a slower rate of adjustment of gasoline retail prices when gasoline spot prices went up, as compared with the European pattern. Finally, the Spanish retail margin was by the end of our timing period of analysis, as in the starting years after the abolishment of the state monopoly, above the European average. This pattern confirms our political economic hypothesis, which suggests that the Spanish government and the oil companies were working together in reducing the inflation, in periods of rising oil and gasoline prices. It is also inferred that explaining the pricing pattern in energy markets may require different hypothesis than the classical perspective, involving just firms taking advantage of market power.     

重视商业文化 增强企业竞争能力

本文就市场经济下商业文化与企业竞争能力的问题进行了论述。