Activity-based cost-modelling procedures for PCB assembly

Accurate product cost estimation is important in decisions which involved the selection of the least-cost design among alternative designs and the economic feasibility of a product. An accurate cost-estimating procedure would include the cost of materials and all activities that incur cost.This paper presents the development of cost models for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly which will take into consideration activities that incur cost owing to complexity, volume and batch size of PCB manufactured. All activities are allocated into three level bases and they are unit-level cost, batch-level cost and product-level cost. The cost of assembling one PCB is the summation of all these three costs. A case example is presented to illustrate the application of the models developed.     

An integrated system for process planning and cost estimation in hole making

The process planning function plays a critical role not only in computer integrated manufacture, but also in the economics of batch manufacturing. This paper describes the development of a generic knowledge-based system for process planning and cost estimation in the hole making process. The main function of the system, besides estimating the cost of production, is to recommend appropriate processes, their sequence and their respective machining conditions in order to obtain the required product specifications. The system has been implemented in a manufacturing organisation. The results obtained have indicated that in addition to cost savings the system also preserves the consistency in planning and cost estimation.     

加强矿用大车修理成本管理的有效途径

在市场经济条件下,企业之间的竞争说到底就是价格的竞争,而价格的竞争也就是企业成本管理水平的竞争,所以成本是影响企业竞争与效益的重要因素。     

基于实例重要性的SVM解不平衡数据分类

在不平衡数据分类问题中,作为目标对象的少数类往往不易识别.常见方法存在需要显式设置实例重要度、仅仅间接支持少数类的识别等缺点.由此,文中提出基于实例重要性的支持向量机--ⅡSVM.它分为3个阶段.前两个阶段分别采用单类支持向昔机和二元支持向量机,将数据按照"最重要"、"较重要",和"不重要"3个档次重新组织.阶段3首先选择最重要的数据训练初始分类器,并通过显式设置早停止条件,直接支持少数类的识别.实验表明,ⅡSVM的平均分类性能优于目前的主流方法.     

Optimizing Army Sustainability at Fort Bragg: A Case Study Connecting Life-Cycle Cost Analysis with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings

Abstract:

In 2006, the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations and Environment announced the Army's desire to transition to the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings rating scheme in an effort to institutionalize sustainable practices across all Army facilities. This article describes an engineering management tool developed for project managers at Fort Bragg's Directorate of Housing and Public Works used to determine the most cost-effective route to building certification and to support the Army goal of sustainability. The results expose practicing engineering managers to a significant issue concerning Army sustainability, where numerous engineering management methods are employed for more effective decision-making. Future research is needed to convert retrofit project life-cycle costs from specific location sources to national values.     

基于分段求解法的电力生产最优化模型分析

针对发电机使用的非线性最优化问题,通过对用户耗电数据进行初步分析和处理后,应用普遍的分段思想以及最优化思想,建立了二次规划模型。运用最优化算法,使每个时间段使用的发电机数量最少,以达到提高效率、降低成本的目的。     

晶圆测试探针新的测试价值

晶圆测试探针曾被认为是节约废芯片封装成本的一种方法,现今它却成为工艺控制、成品率管理、产品质量以及总测试成本的一个关键因素。此外,随着组装相关的故障测试之后,封装水准晶圆分选的完全测试不久将会来临。     

基于代价的复杂网络抗攻击性研究

目前的复杂网络抗攻击性研究大多基于"无代价"条件,而这一假设下的大多数复杂网络面对的选择性攻击都非常脆弱,这与现实网络相矛盾。针对这一矛盾,提出代价下影响复杂网络抗攻击性的关键指标——网络紧致系数、平均度;基于网络紧致系数、平均度建立了代价下面向节点的选择性攻击模型,定性分析了网络紧致系数、平均度与复杂网络抗攻击性间的关系。仿真结果证实了所提度量指标的有效性:网络紧致系数越大、平均度越大,则网络越鲁棒;相同平均度下,网络紧致系数越大,则网络越鲁棒。     

基于效率函数求解单件车间调度问题算法的软件实现和实例分析

单件小批量生产形式下的单件车间（Job-shop）调度是生产计划中的一个重要问题。西方在文献[1]提出的求解Job-shop调度问题的初排算法及调解算法的基础上，做出了进一步的修改和完善，在调解算法中引入了交换与移动相结合的机制以提高调解效率；在软件实现中引入了“虚工序”的概念，并在“VBA ForProject2000中实现了该算法。经分析及实验验证，利用这种算法求解Job-shop调度问题可得到十分满意的结果。     

Transmission pricing and recovery of investment costs in the deregulated power system based on optimal circuit prices

Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets.Consequently,open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow competition among participants in the energy market.Transmission costs have an important impact on relative competition among participants in the energy market as well as on short-and long-term economic efficiencies of the whole electricity industry,although they represent only close to 10% of the energy market price.This paper deals with the design and tests of a transmission pricing method based on the optimal circuit prices derived from the economically adapted network(EAN).Prices derived from the EAN have the advantage of being in tune with the maximum revenue allowed to the owner of transmission assets and simplifying the optimal allocation of transmission costs among participants.Beginning from the conceptual design,the proposed method is tested on a three-bus network and on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system.