A robust critical path in an environment with hybrid uncertainty

In this article, we consider the project critical path problem in an environment with hybrid uncertainty. In this environment, the duration of activities are considered as random fuzzy variables that have probability and fuzzy natures, simultaneously. To obtain a robust critical path with this kind of uncertainty a chance constraints programming model is used. This model is converted to a deterministic model in two stages. In the first stage, the uncertain model is converted to a model with interval parameters by alpha-cut method and distribution function concepts. In the second stage, the interval model is converted to a deterministic model by robust optimization and min-max regret criterion and ultimately a genetic algorithm with a proposed exact algorithm are applied to solve the final model. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of the solution procedure.     

Cation Effect on the Binary and Ternary Phase Behaviors of Double-Tailed Methanesulfonate Amphiphiles

A series of symmetrical dialkyl methanesulfonate amphiphiles [DiC _n CHSO ₃ ] _m M (n = 6, 7, 8) with different counter cations (M^m+ = H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sc³⁺) were synthesized in five steps. Their solubility and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water were determined highlighting a huge effect of the chain length and the nature of the cation. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of the surfactants were assessed with the phase inversion temperature (PIT)-slope method based on the deviation from the PIT of the reference C₁₀E₄/n-octane/0.01 M NaCl_(aq) emulsion through addition of increasing amounts of the dialkyl methanesulfonates. The hydrophilicity of the surfactants was thus ranked in terms of dPIT/dx_sulfonate. A “cation” scan with the [DiC ₆ CHSO ₃ ] _m M /benzene/water systems at f_w = 0.5 was finally performed confirming the hydrophilicity ranking obtained with the PIT-slope method. It revealed that the [DiC ₆ CHSO ₃ ] ₂ Mg behaves as a “Balanced Surfactant” able to form spontaneously a three-phase microemulsion system (Winsor III) just in the presence of water and oil, in the same way as the catalytic surfactant dimethyldioctylammonium molybdate, which has the same PIT-slope.     

Coalescence dynamics of two droplets of different viscosities in T-junction microchannel with a funnel-typed expansion chamber

The coalescence behavior of two droplets with different viscosities in the funnel-typed expansion cham-ber in T-junction microchannel was investigated experimentally and compared with droplet coalescence of the same viscosity.Four types of coalescence regimes were observed:contact non-coalescence,squeeze non-coalescence,two-droplet coalescence and pinch-off coalescence.For droplet coalescence of different viscosities,the operating range of non-coalescence becomes narrowed compared to the droplet coalescence of same viscosity,and it shrinks with increasing viscosity ratio η of two droplets,indicating that the difference in the viscosity of two droplets is conducive to coalescence,especially when 1 ＜ η＜ 6.Furthermore,the influences of viscosity ratio and droplet size on the film drainage time (Tdr) and critical capillary number (Cac) were studied systematically.It was found that the film drainage time declined with the increase of average droplet size,which abided by power-law relation with the size dif-ference and viscosity ratio of the two droplets:Tdr ～ (ld)0.25±0.04 and Tdr ～ (η)-0.1±002.For droplet coales-cence of same viscosity,the relation of critical capillary number with two-phase viscosity ratio and dimensionless droplet size is Cac =0.48λ0.26l-2.64,while for droplet coalescence of different viscosities,the scaling of critical capillary number with dimensionless average droplet size,dimensionless droplet size difference and viscosity ratio of two droplets is Cac =0.11 η-0.07ls-2.23ld0.16.     

Properties and Microstructuresof Three Kinds of Silversheathed Bi-2223 Tapes

ＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄＭｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＴｈｒｅｅＫｉｎｄｓｏｆＳｉｌｖｅｒｓｈｅａｔｈｅｄＢｉ－２２２３ＴａｐｅｓＺｅｎｇＲｏｎｇ；ＺｈｏｕＹｉｒｕ；ＹｅＢｉｎ；ＺｈｏｕＭｉｎ；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎｇｕｏ（曾荣）（周贻茹）（叶斌）...     

真空压铸的发展

真空系统是压铸过程中排除气体的最有效的方法之一。然而，真空压铸的发展几经起伏，现在则发展到一个新的阶段。从模具中抽出气体是几种抽气方法中较为简便的一种。真空气道的设计与常规气道则有所不同     

径向磁轴承柱槽比优化分析

本文建立了以径向磁轴承最大载承力Fmax为目标，在临界温升τ等多约束条件下，对定子柱槽比k的优化模型，设计变量选取轴承静态气隙s0和定子柱槽比k，采用模糊优化算法，计算结果表明，在其它参数不变的条件下，轴承静态气隙s0和定子柱槽比k在一定的取值范围内，对最大承载力Fmax有规律性影响，达当减小轴承静态气隙s0和增大定子柱槽比k都能显著提高轴承最大承载能力Fmax，结合试验结果对灵敏度进行了分析，并给出了相应结合。     

糖蜜酒精废液OD值测定条件的确定

糖蜜酒精废液光密度的测定没有统一的方法,通过正交试验和单因素试验,对糖蜜酒精废液的光密度(OD)值的测定条件进行了研究。结果表明在波长为400nm和自然pH值的测定条件下,OD值最大,稀释度为20倍时光密度值落在最佳读数范围内。     

Stiffer and super-tough poly(butylene terephthalate) based blends by modification with phenoxy and maleated poly(ethylene-octene) copolymers

New super-tough poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) materials were obtained by melt blending PBT with both 20 wt% phenoxy (Ph) and 0-30 wt% maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (mPEO) copolymers with different grafting levels. Ph was completely miscible in the PBT matrix. The presence of mPEO did not influence either the nature of the PBT-Ph matrix or the crystallization of PBT. The overall decrease in particle size and in interfacial tension upon grafting indicated that compatibilization had taken place. Super-tough (impact strength 23-fold that of the PBT) and stiffer PBT based blends were obtained at mPEO contents equal to or higher than 15%. The dependence of the critical inter-particle distance (τ_c), on both adhesion measured by means of the interfacial tension, and on the relation between the modulus of the matrix and that of the rubbery dispersed phase (E_m/E_d), is proposed.     

Pickup (critical) velocity of particles

This work presents experimental results on pickup velocity (critical velocity) measurements for a variety of particulate solids. The present experiments together with previously published experiments of a number of researchers encompass about 100 measurements of 24 materials for a wide range of particle sizes, shapes and densities. Based on the experimental results, three zones are defined by establishing simple relationships between the Reynolds and Archimedes numbers. The empirical relationships were further modified by taking into account the pipe diameter and particle shape (sphericity). The three-zone model was shown to reasonably correlate to Geldart's classification groups.     

粉体高浓度输送相图

根据以固体质量流速和固体装入量为参数的Zenz相图（即压降与表观气速的关系图）和洪江等人的模型[6]，对粗聚氯乙烯和细PVC颗粒的水平气力输送进行了合理的预测