新的多孔泡沫镍制备工艺

针对目前泡沫金属制备方法的缺点,提出了一种泡沫金属制备的新方法——电解液喷射沉积法。研究了喷射沉积制备泡沫镍的工艺,自行研制了试验装置,制备了具有不同孔隙率的泡沫镍试样,分析了相关工艺参数(电解液成分、电流密度、电解液喷射速度等)对泡沫镍微观结构的影响。结果表明:采用相对较低的镍离子浓度配方Bath A对制备均匀致密的枝晶多孔结构有利。随着电流密度的提高,泡沫镍的孔隙率逐渐降低;随着电解液喷射速度的提高,泡沫镍的孔隙率逐渐增加。总体上采用电解液喷射沉积法制备的泡沫镍的孔隙率在30~70%之间。     

纳米凹凸棒石的化学镀镍

以天然凹凸棒石矿物为原料,分散提纯获得纳米纤维凹凸棒石,并利用化学镀镍技术对纳米凹凸棒石进行改性.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析研究预处理工艺对纳米凹凸棒石化学镀镍的影响.结果表明:通过镀前预处理以增加凹凸棒石表面的活化点,能够在凹凸棒石表面实现化学镀镍,但由于纳米凹凸棒石长径比较大,反应活性低...     

LiNbO_3晶体的力学参数与晶面取向间的关系

本实验采用 LiNbO_3 单晶,取四种不同晶面指向的样品进行了力学参数,如断裂强度σ_f、断裂功γ_f、断裂韧性 K_(Ic)和弹性模量 E 的测量。在三点弯曲试验条件下,对 LiNbO_3 单晶不同取向时的声发射特征也作了研究。实验发现,σ_f、γ_f 和 E 与晶面间距、晶面上的离子排列关系较为明显,声发射信号随单晶的取向不同而变化,这是其各向异性结构所致。     

镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径40nm～70nm,内径7nm～10nm,长度50μm～1000μm,呈直线型,用化学镀法在碳纳米管表面镀上了一层均匀的金属镍。碳纳米管吸波涂层在厚度为0.97mm时,在8GHz～18GHz,最大吸收峰在11.4GHz(R=-22.89dB),R<-10dB的频宽为3.0Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.7GHz。镀镍碳纳米管吸波涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰在14GHz(R=-11.85dB),R<-10dB的频宽为2.23Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.6GHz。碳纳米管表面镀镍后虽然吸收峰值变小,但吸收峰有宽化的趋势,这种趋势对提高材料的吸波性能是有利的。碳纳米管作为偶极子在电磁场的作用下,会产生耗散电流,在周围基体作用下,耗散电流被衰减,从而雷达波能量被转换为其它形式的能量。     

Investigation of small fatigue crack initiation and growth behaviour of nickel base superalloy GH4169

Surface replication method was utilized to monitor the small fatigue crack initiation and growth process of single‐edge‐notch tension specimens fabricated by nickel base superalloy GH4169. Three different stress levels were selected. Results showed that small fatigue cracks of nickel base superalloy GH4169 initiated from grain boundaries or surface inclusions. The small fatigue crack initiation and growth stages took up about 80–90% of the total fatigue life. Multiple major cracks were observed in the notch root, and specimen with more major cracks seemed to have smaller fatigue life under the same test conditions. At the early growth stage, small crack behaviour might be strongly influenced by microstructures; thus, the crack growth rates had high fluctuations. However, the stress level effect on the small fatigue crack growth rates was not distinguishable for the three different stress levels. And no clear differences were found among the crack initiation lives by using replication technique.     

超声波辅助下中低温化学镀镍工艺的研究

为降低化学镀镍的施镀温度,提高化学镀镍的沉积速度,将超声辐射引入化学镀镍工艺当中,对超声波辅助下的中低温化学镀镍工艺作了初步的探讨.着重考察了配体、稳定剂以及超声波对化学镀镍的影响.实验结果表明,超声波对化学镀镍沉积速度的作用与镀液中镍离子络合物的稳定常数(pK)有关,在温度为60℃的中低温条件下,以醋酸钠为配体的化学镀镍溶液中,超声波具有明显促进沉积速度的作用,但随着稳定常数的增大,超声波反而对沉积速度起抑制作用.     

二甲酚橙分光光度法测定化学镀镍液中的铅浓度

化学镀镍液中的镍离子对铅离子浓度测定的干扰较大。先将化学镀镍液中的铅离子与镍离子分离,再用二甲酚橙分光光度法测定镀镍液中铅的浓度。结果显示:当化学镀镍液中镍/铅浓度比120时,可以直接用分光光度法进行测定;当镍/铅浓度比120时,需先将镍离子与铅离子分离,再用分光光度法测定。该方法快速、简捷、误差小,是一种测定化学镀镍液中铅浓度的好方法。     

掺钛对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金的影响

借助于XRD、TG-DSC和SEM等技术研究了掺钛对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金的合成条件及合金性能的影响.结果表明:掺钛使Mg2NiH4的合成温度有一定的提高,600℃时才能大量生成Mg2NiH4;氢压的提高有利于Mg2NiH4的形成,而过高的合成温度和过长的保温时间将不利于Mg2NiH4的形成;钛的掺入使Mg2NiH4的晶胞有一定的增大;掺钛的Mg2NiH4放氢分解温度为259.8℃,比未掺钛的降低了120℃左右;掺钛试样的总放氢量为2.43%;掺钛试样在300℃、0.1MPa下的吸放氢时间为6min,活化可适当提高吸放氢量.     

Microwave Absorption of Crystalline Fe/MnO@C Nanocapsules Embedded in Amorphous Carbon

Crystalline Fe/MnO@C core–shell nanocapsules inlaid in porous amorphous carbon matrix(FMCA)was synthesized successfully with a novel confinement strategy.The heterogeneous Fe/MnO nanocrystals are with approximate single-domain size which gives rise to natural resonance in 2–18 GHz.The addition of MnO2 confines degree of graphitization catalyzed by iron and contributes to the formation of amorphous carbon.The heterogeneous materials composed of crystalline–amorphous structures disperse evenly and its density is significantly reduced on account of porous properties.Meanwhile,adjustable dielectric loss is achieved by interrupting Fe core aggregation and stacking graphene conductive network.The dielectric loss synergistically with magnetic loss endows the FMCA enhanced absorption.The optimal reflection loss(RL)is up to−45 dB,and the effective bandwidth(RL<−10 dB)is 5.0 GHz with 2.0 mm thickness.The proposed confinement strategy not only lays the foundation for designing high-performance microwave absorber,but also offers a general duty synthesis method for heterogeneous crystalline–amorphous composites with tunable composition in other fields.