用电化学调控浮选方法提高某难选镍矿选矿指标

陕西某镍矿石属岩浆熔离型低品位硫化镍矿石,镍品位为0.53%。由于矿石中的主要脉石矿物蛇纹石和滑石易泥化、可浮性好,且有用矿物和脉石矿物难以充分单体解离,因此,现场采用3粗2扫1精1扫精、中矿顺序返回闭路流程仅能获得镍品位为5.12%、镍回收率为68.40%的镍精矿。为提高资源的利用率和企业的效益,对该矿石进行了电化学调控浮选试验。结果表明,以DHN为电化学调控剂,在磨矿细度和选矿工艺流程不变的情况下,获得了镍品位为5.20%、镍回收率为73.78%的镍精矿,与现场精矿比较,镍品位提高了0.08个百分点,但镍回收率大幅度提高了5.38个百分点。该提高精矿指标的方案不仅效果突出,而且便于在现场实施。     

不同烟煤还原红土镍矿的研究

以含Ni 1.83%, Fe 15.25%的红土镍矿为研究对象, 采用3种烟煤为还原剂, 进行了红土镍矿回转窑焙烧预还原实验, 研究了煤种、用量及粒度对镍矿预还原的影响。结果表明: 增加烟煤用量可以提高镍、铁预还原率; 固定碳相同的烟煤, 挥发分越高, 镍矿还原效果越好; 增大烟煤粒度, 镍、铁的预还原率呈下降趋势, 但对于挥发分较高的烟煤, 适当增加大粒度比例, 可以促进镍矿的预还原。确定了最佳工艺条件为: 以烟煤C为还原剂, 烟煤粒度-10 mm, 镍矿/烟煤质量比为100∶5, 此条件下, 铁金属化率和镍预还原率分别为4.53%和80.64%。     

高应力破碎镍矿机械化湿喷混凝土配合比优化

针对金川镍矿矿岩破碎,地压较大,采用传统的干喷锚网支护效果不理想且巷道返修率高的问题,提出湿喷混凝土技术来改善这一局面。采用正交设计方法进行配合比试验,研究了水灰比、水泥、减水剂和砂石比（细砂与绿豆石的质量比）对湿喷混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：各因素对湿喷混凝土工作性的影响顺序为：水灰比>水泥掺量>砂石比>减水剂掺量,要保证湿喷料浆塌落度大于150 mm,其水灰比应大于0.44、水泥掺量应大于430 kg/m3、砂石比应在2~4;水泥掺量对湿喷混凝土的力学特性影响最大,其次为水灰比,砂石比与湿喷混凝土强度呈凸形关系,减水剂对湿喷混凝土的强度影响较小。引入单位价值强度系数V对不同水泥掺量湿喷混凝土的经济性进行对比,确定了最佳配合比,通过现场应用达到了较好的效果,具有较高的综合经济效益。     

高锰镍钴原料的还原氨浸工艺研究

采用还原氨浸法对高锰氢氧化镍钴原料中的镍钴进行了选择性浸出研究。采用NH₃·H₂O-NH₄HCO₃浸出体系, 引入水合肼作还原剂, 可有效实现镍钴的选择性浸出, 原料中的锰不被浸出而富集成为高锰渣。在ρ(CO₂)_T=35~40 g/L, ρ(NH₃)_T=110~120 g/L, 还原剂85% N₂H₄·H₂O溶液用量为原料中钴元素摩尔含量的2倍, 液固比为15 mL/g, 室温下浸出3 h, 保温陈化2 h的条件下, 镍钴浸出率分别达到98.75%和92.71%, 约99%的锰进入浸出渣中。     

Promotion of the electrocatalytic activity of a bimetallic platinum-ruthenium catalyst by repetitive redox treatments for direct methanol fuel cell

Pt-Ru/C catalyst (12 wt%) was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method followed by a redox heat-treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed uniformly distributed metallic crystallites of Pt-Ru alloy nanoparticles (d_PtRu = 2.1 ± 1.0 nm). The effect of redox treatments of the impregnated catalysts on methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The MOR activity of the PtRu/C was significantly improved after each oxidation step of the redox treatment cycles. The enhanced catalytic activity was found to be quite stable in chronoamperometry (CA) measurements. CV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results strongly suggested that the improved catalytic activity was due to the formation of a stable c-RuO_x (x = 2-3) domain during the oxidation treatments. A bifunctional based mechanism was proposed for the MOR on the oxidized PtRu/C catalysts. Formation of Ru-OH species on the surface of c-RuO_x domains was suggested as stale sites for the oxidation of carbon monoxide adsorbed on the Pt catalytic sites.     

Fabrication and characterization of Pd/Nb40Ti30Ni30/Pd/porous nickel support composite membrane for hydrogen separation and purification

A porous nickel support was successfully prepared by uniaxial compression of nickel powders. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ membranes fabricated by magnetron sputtering were investigated. Deposited and annealed Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ membranes consisted of amorphous and crystalline phases, respectively. Higher base temperature was shown to increase the hardness and elastic modulus of the Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ membrane. Pd/Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀/Pd/porous nickel support composite membranes were then fabricated using a multilayer magnetron sputtering method. The hydrogen permeability of the composite membranes with amorphous and crystallized Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ metal layer was measured and compared with that of self-supported Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ and Pd alloys. Solid-state diffusion was shown to be the rate-controlling factor when the thickness of the Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀ layer was about 12 μm or greater, while other factors were in effect for thinner layers (such as 6 μm). The Pd/Nb₄₀Ti₃₀Ni₃₀/Pd/porous nickel support composite membrane exhibited excellent permeation capability and satisfactory mechanical properties. It is a promising new permeation membrane that could replace Pd and PdAg alloys for hydrogen separation and purification.     

Extractability and bioavailability of zinic,nickle, cadmium and copper in three Danish soils sampled 5 years after application of sewage sludge

Soils from three Danish experiments testing identical quantities of sewage sludge were sampled 5 years after the application of sludge ceased. Chemical studies on the soils involving single and sequential extractions, displaced solution measurements and plant uptake experiments in a glasshouse showed that sludge-added Zn, Ni, Cd and Cu persisted in extractable and bioavailable forms in the topsoils and that soil pH and texture influenced their chemistry and availability. The EDTA-extractabilities of native and of sludge-added Cd were similar, but native Zn, Ni and Cu were less extractable than sludge-added metals. 0.1 M-calcium chloride was the best extractant for predicting plant uptake. In some cases a chelating extractant combined with pH measurements is suitable if a single reagent is to be used for all four metals.     

转底炉还原红土镍矿工艺设计与实践

为解决低品位红土镍矿的合理利用问题,介绍了转底炉还原红土镍矿新工艺的技术特点和镍铁生产实践,及其工程化应用。     

Recent advances during CH4 dry reforming for syngas production: A mini review

Given the continuing issues of environment and energy, methane dry reforming for syngas production have sparked interest among researchers, but struggled with the process immaturity owing to catalyst deactivation. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of efficient and stable catalysts with strong resistance to coking and metal sintering, including the application of novel materials, the assessment of advanced characterizations and the compatibility to improved reaction system. One feasible option is the crystalline oxide catalysts (perovskite, pyrochlore, spinel and LDHs), which feature a fine metal dispersion and surface confinement effect via a metal exsolution strategy and exhibit superior reactivity and stability. Some new materials (h-BN, clays and MOFs) also extend the option because of their unique morphology and microstructure. It also is elaborated that progresses were achieved in advanced characterizations application, leading to success in the establishment of reaction mechanisms and attributions to the formed robust catalysts. In addition, the perspective described the upgrade of reaction system to a higher reaction efficiency and milder reaction conditions. The combination of efficient reaction systems and robust catalysts paves a way for a scaling-up application of the process.     

Influence of NaOH and Ni catalysts on hydrogen production from the supercritical water gasification of dewatered sewage sludge

Dewatered sewage sludge was treated with NaOH additive and Ni catalyst in supercritical water in a high-pressure autoclave to examine the effects of separate and combined NaOH additive and Ni catalyst on hydrogen generation. The effects of Ni/NaOH ratio on hydrogen production were also investigated to identify possible catalytic mechanism and interactions. NaOH and Ni, separately or in combination, improved the hydrogen production and hydrogen gasification efficiency. The addition of NaOH additive not only promoted the water–gas shift reaction, but also favored H₂ generation of Ni catalyst by capturing CO₂. The hydrogen yield of combined catalysts with different Ni/NaOH ratios was higher than the theoretical sum of hydrogen yield from the mixture by 10–33%. The largest hydrogen yield, of 4.8 mol per kilogram of organic matter, which was almost five times as much as without catalyst, was achieved with the addition of 3.33 wt% Ni and 1.67 wt% NaOH. The combined NaOH additive and Ni catalyst also improved the gasification of several other dewatered sewage sludges, increasing the hydrogen yield by four to twelve times that seen without catalyst. Combined NaOH additive and Ni catalyst are effective in dewatered sewage sludge gasification at low temperature.