Pressure loss and compensation in the combustion process of Al–CuO nanoenergetics on a microheater chip

This study investigates pressure loss and compensation in the combustion process of Al–CuO metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) on a microheater chip. A ball cell model of pressure change in the combustion process is proposed to show the effects of pressure loss on the reaction rate and efficiency of energy output at microscale. An effective compensation method for pressure loss is then developed by integrating Al–CuO MIC with CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) onto a SiO₂/Cr/Pt/Au microheater chip. The combustion processes of Al–CuO MIC with different weight percentages of fine CL-20 particles on the microheater chips are observed by high-speed video recording. Results indicate that the reaction of Al–CuO MIC is a slow combustion process that turns into intense deflagration after adding fine CL-20 particles to Al–CuO MIC. The pressure–time characteristics indicate higher maximum pressure and pressurization rate for Al–CuO/CL-20 because the pressure loss at microscale is well compensated by the addition of fine CL-20. This study proves the importance of pressure loss in the combustion process of MIC at microscale and provides an efficient compensation strategy for pressure loss to improve the reaction rate and efficiency of energy output at microscale environment.     

基于CuO/GO纳米复合材料的电化学无酶葡萄糖传感器的研究

通过水热法合成了CuO/GO纳米复合材料,对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,并用于构建无酶葡萄糖传感器。CuO/GO能催化葡萄糖的直接氧化。传感器的灵敏度为5.74μAmM-1,检出限为6.14×10-7 mol·L-1。     

高温煤气铁系脱硫剂的研究

高温煤气脱硫净化是目前先进洁净煤利用技术之一 ,但是以前高温煤气脱硫剂在多次硫化再生循环过程中出现粉化 ,妨碍脱硫剂进一步使用 .本研究选择钢厂赤泥作为脱硫剂原料 ,添加不同活性组分和防粉化结构助剂 ,制备了氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂 .经过 1 0次硫化 /再生循环实验 .结果表明 :1 0次循环累计 1 96.98% ,再生后脱硫活性不发生变化 ,具有较高和较稳定的脱硫活性 .再生后脱硫剂的机械强度高于新鲜样品 ,在使用过程中没有出现粉化现象 ,这为氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂的工业化研究提供了可靠的依据 .     

棕化废液的资源化利用研究

在PCB行业中,随着棕氧化技术代替黑氧化技术,棕化废液的排放量巨大而且成分复杂,从而推动了棕化废液处理技术的发展。文章提出化学沉淀法和Fenton法组合处理棕化废水,并合成氧化铜的新工艺。从而达到了棕化废液资源化利用的目的。     

Effect of CuO addition on electrochemical properties of AB3-type alloy electrodes for nickel/metal hydride batteries

In order to improve overall electrochemical properties of AB₃-type hydrogen storage alloy electrodes, especially the cycling stability, CuO was added to the electrode. Electrochemical properties of the electrodes with and without additives were studied. Cyclic voltammetry and SEM results show that CuO is reduced to Cu during the charging process and the fine Cu particles deposit at surface of the alloy particles. The as-deposited Cu particles form a protective layer to increase electronic and heat conductivity of the electrodes and thus improve maximum discharge capacity, high rate dischargeability, cycling stability and dischargeability at high temperature of the electrodes. The maximum discharge capacity increases from 314 mAh g⁻¹ (blank electrode) to 341 mAh g⁻¹ (3.0 wt.% CuO) and the capacity retention rate at the 200th cycle increases from 71.6% to 77.2% (2.5 wt.% CuO).     

工艺参数对制备CuO与Al反应自生Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的影响

研究了反应温度、Al粉含量、预制块致密度和表面活性元素Mg对反应过程和相组成的影响。随着反应温度的提高 ,反应速度加快。温度过高 ,反应物中的CuO会发生分解反应 ,从而导致实验失败 ;体系中Al粉含量越高 ,反应速度越快。另外 ,体系中Al粉含量的提高 ,也有利于反应生成的Al2 O3 分布均匀以及细小化 ;在合适的预制块压坯压力时可以得到既具有较高的致密度 ,又能够完全反应的材料 ;Mg属于表面活性元素 ,它的存在能够降低体系的反应初始温度 ,但是不能解决反应物和反应产物的扩散问题。因此 ,温度仍是决定反应能否完全进行的主要因素。在适当的温度 (80 0～ 10 0 0℃ )、压力 (15 0～ 2 10MPa)、Mg加入量 (2 %～ 5 % )和Al与CuO的质量比(约 6∶1)等条件下能够制备出反应完全的CuO与Al反应自生复合材料。     

Al-Si/Al_2O_3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al.The microstructure was observed by means of OM,SEM and TEM.The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix,and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements.The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix.However,the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa,or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix.The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermodynamic calculation.The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps.First,CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy,and second,Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature.At ZL109 casting temperature of 750-780 ℃,the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.     

沉淀温度对CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3系催化剂前驱体性质的影响

用并流共沉淀方法制备了一系列CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂前驱体及催化剂,用XRD、TG-DTG、TPR及微反活性评价等技术考察了沉淀温度对催化剂前驱体物相组成及焙烧后物相中CuO-ZnO间的作用情况,研究表明沉淀温度主要影响前驱体中各物相的转变速率及Cu2+、Zn2+的同晶取代速率。前驱体中(Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2和(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6两种物相是生成高活性CuO-ZnO催化剂的主要物相,而(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6对提高催化剂的活性更为重要。     

脱硫系统改造及运行控制要点浅析

通过压缩机对脱硫系统运行工况的要求和脱硫系统改造施工过程、投运、运行中可能出现的问题以及对触媒特点的分析,找出脱硫系统改造施工及投运和运行控制要点,保证脱硫系统稳定运行,为尿素装置的稳产、高产提供必要条件。     

磨溪气田低含硫天然气脱硫剂的评价

采用干法脱硫工艺技术,通过考察不同进口天然气H2S浓度和不同空速下,4种脱硫剂对净化气中H2S浓度及脱硫剂硫容量的影响,评价了各种脱硫剂的脱硫效果。结果表明,CT8—6B脱硫剂适合于磨溪气田低含硫天然气的处理,自制SWPU脱硫剂有待进一步研究。