Improving the Performance of Feedforward Neural Networks by Noise Injection into Hidden Neurons

The generalization ability of feedforward neural networks (NNs) depends on the size of training set and the feature of the training patterns. Theoretically the best classification property is obtained if all possible patterns are used to train the network, which is practically impossible. In this paper a new noise injection technique is proposed, that is noise injection into the hidden neurons at the summation level. Assuming that the test patterns are drawn from the same population used to generate the training set, we show that noise injection into hidden neurons is equivalent to training with noisy input patterns (i.e., larger training set). The simulation results indicate that the networks trained with the proposed technique and the networks trained with noisy input patterns have almost the same generalization and fault tolerance abilities. The learning time required by the proposed method is considerably less than that required by the training with noisy input patterns, and it is almost the same as that required by the standard backpropagation using normal input patterns.     

宝钢高炉高煤比的实践与探索

宝钢高炉自1992年喷煤以来，从优化喷吹煤种、控制混合煤成分、改善喷煤设备性能和操作参数、制订原燃料质量标准和重新设计高炉操作制度等方面着手，通过多年的科学探索和生产实践，从1998年6月份起，高炉喷煤比已连续5年多的时间稳定在200kg／t的水平，最高曾达到260kg／t，并且高煤比是在高产能、低燃料消耗下取得的。     

浅析电流互感器二次接线存在的问题

文章分析了二次绕组带有抽头的套管电流互感器(CT)，其二次端子接线错误对CT变比的影响。指出在实际工作当中应当正确理解“CT二次线圈严禁开路”所指含义，灵活应用，以保证保护装置可靠动作。     

中性束注入器Tank充气特性对离子源放电的影响

利用对PV-10型压电阀定标实验,研究了中性束注入器Tank内补充气体的参数对离子源放电弧电流的影响,对比压电阀脉冲电源的脉宽和幅值,显示后者对Tank内补充气体量具有更显著的线性关系.据此进行的中性束注入器离子源放电实验结果表明,采用压电阀定标值计算获得的参数,可以稳定重复地获得最大放电脉宽达到400 ms的等离子体弧电流,为下一步向托卡马克装置注入高能中性粒子束奠定了应用基础.     

Effect of O2 on NO removal by ammonia radical injection using one-cycle sinusoidal power source

NO reduction experiment was performed by injecting ammonia radicals, which were externally generated by flowing the NH₃ gas diluted with Ar gas through a dielectric barrier discharge with a one-cycle sinusoidal-wave power source. The discharge was intermittently formed between coaxial cylindrical electrodes with a space of 1.5 mm at an applied peak-to-peak voltage of 3-25 kV. The generated radicals were injected into simulation gas (NO/O₂/N₂). The simulation gas contained 0-5.6% O₂, and the effect of O₂ on NO_x removal was discussed. The minimum reaction temperature for NO reduction was low when simulation gas contained O₂. High O₂ concentration (O₂=5.6%) in simulation gas, high repetition rate to NH₃, and high applied power to NH₃ decreased NO removal efficiency.     

Mineralogy of clean coal combustion by-products

Coal combustion technologies are changing in order to burn coal more cleanly. Many “clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies are developed to remove SO2 and NOx gases, particulate matter during combustion, or from the flue gases leaving the furnace. This paper focuses on three types of fly ash (flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residuals, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) residuals and sorbent duct injection (SDI) residuals) which produced by “the clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies. The residuals formed by FGD are PCFA (pulverized coal fly ash) grains entrained with reacted and unreacted sorbent and have lower bulk densities than PCFA grains because it contains higher concentrations of calcium and sulfur, and lower concentrations of silicon, aluminum and iron than PCFAs. AFBC residuals consist of spent bed which is a heterogeneous mixture of coarse-grained bed material and irregularly shaped, unfused, spherical PCFAs. The main crystalline phases in AFBC residuals are anhydrite (reacted sorbent), quartz and lime (unreacted sobent), calcite, hematite, periclase, magnetite and feldspars.The residuals produced by SDI contained 65%-70% PCFA with the larger sizes material being irregularly shaped, fused or roughedged. The reaction products of sorbent (portlandite and lime) included calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and calcium sulfate. The chemical properties of these residuals are similar to those of high calcium PCFAs because of the high alkalinity and high pH of these residuals.     

Review of ECSC research work in ironmaking

The Treaty of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which expired in 2002, states in its Article 55 to promote technical and economic research with respect to the production and growing application of coal and steel. The results of funded research projects shall be made available to all representatives and partners concerned. For the European steel industry Article 55 was the basis for building up a steel research programme covering topics from raw materials to steel application and instigated a European network of researchers from the steel industry, research institutes and universities. On the basis of these research and development activities carried out by the ECSC steel research, the iron and steel industry has shown important advances in technology and environmental compatibility. Furthermore, the ECSC steel research has contributed to nearly all important technological developments. The main objective of the ECSC steel Research and Technology Development (RTD) programme was to sustain and develop the Community steel industry's competitiveness. The following report describes fundamental developments and activities within the framework of ECSC research with particular respect to hot metal production in the last 15 years.     

BOSCH 传感器特性研究及信号调理电路的设计􀀂

在柴油机电控喷油泵中所采用的传感器是德国BOSCH公司的一种位移式传感器,它是电控喷油泵闭环控制系统中齿条位置反馈元件.本文针对该传感器进行了特性测试,并通过实验研究确定了喷油泵内齿条与传感器位置的物理零点,最后对传感器的信号调理电路进行了设计.     

ZrO_2汽车氧传感器烧结工艺研究

采用注射成型方法制备汽车氧传感器。通过分析得知,烧结制品好的力学性能和高导电率往往是矛盾的,要获得四方相ZrO2须保证烧结过程中材料的晶粒尺寸要控制在1μm以内。综合考虑,烧结温度在1550℃左右比较合适。     

Advances in micro assembly injection moulding for use in medical systems

In micro systems technology, the process of micro assembly injection moulding is used for the generation of hybrid micro systems. With this process, more functions are integrated in less space. In the field of medical technology, miniaturisation also means new methods of treatment with fewer side effects on the patient. New cures are developed by the miniaturisation of medical instruments, such as keyhole surgery. For detailed investigations a specific demonstration was developed to display the potential of micro assembly injection moulding in medical science. This part consists of a carbon-fibre reinforced PEEK puncture needle, which incorporates three lumens. The selected materials allow use of the needle during magnetic resonance imaging. In order to attach additional equipment a plastic connector needs to be overmoulded on the needle. The investigations focus on the injection moulding process by characterising the influences of temperature, moulding parameters and material combinations on the resulting bond strength between needle and connector.