某型柴油机拉缸原因分析及解决措施

本文针对某型柴油机在国产化过程中出现的拉缸问题,从原理上分析了某型柴油机拉缸的原因,并提出了在制造、安装、使用过程中应采取的预防措施。     

Estimation of optimum number of cycles for combustion analysis using measured in-cylinder pressure signal in conventional CI engine

Analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data provides various parameters that characterize engine combustion process. Advanced engine control technologies use cylinder pressure based combustion parameters for closed loop control. Four step signal processing (i) absolute pressure correction, (ii) crank angle position referencing, (iii) cycle averaging and (iv) filtering is typically applied to get sufficiently accurate cylinder pressure data for an engine cycle. This paper focuses on cycle averaging and filtering of in-cylinder pressure signal from a conventional compression ignition (CI) engine. Experiments are conducted at different engine load and compression ratios at 1500 rpm. The in-cylinder pressure trace of 2500 consecutive engine cycles is recorded and analyzed. Effect of in-cylinder pressure signal noise and cyclic variation on combustion analysis is investigated. A method based on standard deviation of pressure and pressure rise rate is used to find sufficient minimum number of engine cycles to be recorded for averaging to get reasonably accurate pressure data independent of cyclic variability.     

Analysis of the musculoskeletal system of the hand and forearm during a cylinder grasping task

Musculoskeletal disorders of the hand are mostly due to repeated or awkward manual tasks in the work environment and are considered a public health issue. To prevent their development, it is necessary to understand and investigate the biomechanical behavior of the musculoskeletal system during the movement. In this study a biomechanical analysis of the upper extremity during a cylinder grasping task is conducted by using a parameterized musculoskeletal model of the hand and forearm. The proposed model is composed of 21 segments, 28 musculotendon units, and 20 joints providing 24 degrees of freedom. Boundary conditions of the model are defined by the three-dimensional coordinates of 43 external markers fixed to bony landmarks of the hand and forearm and tracked with an optoelectronic motion capture system. External marker positions from five healthy participants were used to test the model. A task consisting of closing and opening fingers around a cylinder 25 mm in diameter was investigated. Based on experimental kinematic data, an inverse dynamics process was performed to calculate output data of the model (joint angles, musculotendon unit shortening and lengthening patterns). Finally, based on an optimization procedure, joint loads and musculotendon forces were computed in a forward dynamics simulation. Results of this study assessed reproducibility and consistency of the biomechanical behavior of the musculoskeletal hand system.     

The polytropic volume method to detect engine events based on the measured cylinder pressure

Internal combustion engines deliver work using an intermittent thermodynamic process. For control and diagnosis purposes, it is useful to detect key events relative to the crank angle position. A new method to detect the intake valve closing (IVC), start of combustion (SOC), end of combustion (EOC) or exhaust valve opening (EVO), using the measured cylinder pressure as input, is described. The method is based on the observation that the compression and expansion processes are of polytropic nature. It is shown that the events can be detected by detecting the points where the real and the polytropic volume diverge.     

硫对离心铸造汽缸套切削性能的影响

一般来说，硫是有害元素。但对于灰铸铁来讲，含有少量的硫对于石墨的生核和切削性能都有非常重要的影响。在铸造生产过程中通过加入一定量的硫，提高铁液的含硫量，从而使铸件获得更好的切削性能。     

发动机密封面漏油问题分析

某发动机试验发现缸体与框架之间的密封面残存的密封胶变为褐色,且该区域发生轻微漏油问题。为了解决该问题,建立了漏油原因分析鱼刺图,并根据鱼刺图中可能的原因逐一排查。通过模拟试验和CAE计算确定出四个主要原因,制定出三个相应的优化方案,并建立了相应的控制标准。根据实施周期的长短分步实施和验证,确认了各方案均有明显的改进。三个方案一起实施以后,通过反复的工程测试,确认了漏油问题得以解决。     

A closed-form solution for elastic buckling of thin-walled unstiffened circular cylinders in pure flexure

To date, despite the significant development in the field of structural mechanics, there still remains a paradox in the solutions available for a classical shell buckling problem. The difference in strength between a cylindrical shell under uniform axial compression and that under pure bending is not quite well investigated. This lack of research is reflected in the wide variations in the elastic bending strength and the slenderness limits given in current international design standards. The discrepancies in the available classical solutions and hence the design rules have initiated the current research. The main aim of this paper is to present a closed-form solution for the elastic buckling strength of unstiffened circular cylinders under pure bending using a new simplified energy approach employing the well-known Ritz method. Two types of analyses are presented for cylinders with large (D/t>200) and medium (100<D/t<200) diameter-to-thickness ratios. A unique testing rig was used to experimentally verify the new theory using a Moiré fringe film. The theoretical results are compared against the available and present test results and the existing classical solutions. The current design rules for thin-cylinders in international steel specifications are also compared, and the newly derived design curve is proposed which was found in a good agreement with the available test results.     

穿孔机顶杆循环装置液压控制系统的研究

设计穿孔机区域顶杆循环装置中顶杆小车油缸控制系统,对长行程高速重载液压系统油缸的速度、加速度、两腔液压力进行分析,对该类液压控制系统的运行机制、控制策略进行研究,进行了理论计算、仿真分析和实测验证,为类似工况液压控制系统的研究提供参考。     

圆柱体镦粗模型单元单位变形力及边界条件的比较分析

镦粗中接触表面的摩擦边界条件为库仑摩擦、最大摩擦力条件、常摩擦条件以及翁克索夫等提出的准确摩擦条件,本文将讨论各边界条件在理论求解圆柱体镦粗模型单元单位变形力中的应用,结论将有利于准确选择摩擦边界解题。     

一种在线故障检测系统的实现

针对大中型工业控制系统直接通过人工检测难以及时准确检测出故障点的情况,设计一种在线故障检测系统,采用西门子系列PLC和触摸屏,结合现场传感器实现自动在线故障检测。系统的主要运动元件为气缸,气缸在两个位置间作往复运动,PLC通过电磁阀控制气缸运动,对气缸位置的检测则通过气缸上面的行程开关实现。