The lift on a disc immersed in a rotating granular bed

The discrete element method has been used to study the lift F_L on a stationary disc immersed coaxially in a slowly rotating cylinder containing a granular material. In a tall granular column, F_L rises with the immersion depth h, but reaches a roughly constant asymptote at large h, in agreement with previous studies. Our results indicate that the argument in some earlier studies that F_L is proportional to the static stress gradient is incorrect. Instead, our results show that the lift is caused by an asymmetry in the dilation and shear rate between the regions above and below the disc. We argue that the cause of the lift is similar to that in fluids, namely that it arises as a result of the disturbance in the velocity and density fields around the body due to its motion relative to the granular bed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5482–5489, 2017     

小管径-粒径比颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应数值研究

采用DEM-CFD方法对小管径-粒径比颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应进行了数值研究。针对D/d_p=5.0圆球无序堆积通道构建了光滑壁面和波节壁面两种通道壁面结构,分析了不同壁面结构堆积通道内孔隙率分布、流动和温度场分布及其流动换热性能。结果表明：小管径-粒径比光滑壁面颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应显著,壁面附近平均流速明显高于堆积中心区域,而平均温度要低于堆积中心区域,壁面附近0.5d_p区域内通过的流体质量流量比例为46%;波节壁面结构抑制了通道壁面附近漏流,可小幅提高堆积通道的换热能力,但堆积通道内的流动阻力也随之增大,其综合换热性能较光滑壁面堆积通道有所下降。     

滚筒端面对颗粒物料轴向混合过程影响的离散模拟

基于离散单元法模拟了仅颜色存在差异的两组分颗粒物料在轴径比0.3的窄滚筒中的轴向混合过程,滚筒的左侧端面固定,右侧端面可随侧壁旋转。结果表明,不同物料装载量和滚筒转速下,在达到完全混合状态前,黄红颗粒物料初始轴向界面处可能出现3种不同的径向结构：黄?红结构、红?黄?红结构和红?黄结构。红?黄?红结构和红?黄结构工况下,固定端面一侧还可出现更复杂的多层三明治结构。径向结构源自滚筒端面效应导致的颗粒轴向对流,颗粒轴向速度在切向截面上的分布决定了径向结构的类型。     

coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法在不同流态流化床中的模拟验证

传统CFD-DEM方法的计算量随着系统内颗粒数目的增加而显著增加，coarse-grained CFD-DEM（粗颗粒）方法将若干个真实颗粒打包成虚拟颗粒从而显著减小系统计算量。在coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法进行应用之前，对其进行广泛的验证是有必要的。采用coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法模拟得到不同流态流化床的气固流动特征（固含率、压降、颗粒速度等），与传统CFD-DEM和实验测量吻合较好。另外，系统的计算效率随着粗颗粒放大系数的增加显著提升。研究表明，粗颗粒方法能够以较小的计算精度损失而使计算速度大幅提升，能够适用于大尺度稠密气固流动系统的模拟。     

Discrete element simulation of free flowing grains in a four‐bladed mixer

Numerical simulations of granular flow in a cylindrical vessel agitated by a four‐blade impeller were performed using the discrete element method. Velocity, density, and stress profiles within the mixer displayed a periodic behavior with a fluctuation frequency equal to that of the blade rotation. Blade orientation was found to affect flow patterns and mixing kinetics. For an obtuse blade pitch orientation, a three‐dimensional recirculation zone develops in‐front of the blade due to formation of heaps where the blades are present. This flow pattern promotes vertical and radial mixing. No recirculation zone was observed when the blade orientation was changed to an acute blade pitch. The system's frictional characteristics are shown to strongly influence the granular behavior within the mixer. At low friction coefficients, the 3‐D recirculation in front of the obtuse blade is not present reducing convective mixing. Higher friction coefficients lead to an increase in granular temperature which is associated with an increase in diffusive mixing. Normal and shear stresses were found to vary with mixer height with maximum values near the bottom plate. Additionally, a strong dependence between the magnitude of the shear stresses and the friction coefficient of the particles was found. The stress tensor characteristics indicate that the granular flow in our simulations occurs in the quasi‐static regime. At the same time, the averaged pressure was found to vary linearly with bed height and could be predicted by a simple hydrostatic approximation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Particle‐scale simulation of the flow and heat transfer behaviors in fluidized bed with immersed tube

A kind of new modified computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) method was founded by combining CFD based on unstructured mesh and DEM. The turbulent dense gas–solid two phase flow and the heat transfer in the equipment with complex geometry can be simulated by the programs based on the new method when the k‐ε turbulence model and the multiway coupling heat transfer model among particles, walls and gas were employed. The new CFD‐DEM coupling method that combining k‐ε turbulence model and heat transfer model, was employed to simulate the flow and the heat transfer behaviors in the fluidized bed with an immersed tube. The microscale mechanism of heat transfer in the fluidized bed was explored by the simulation results and the critical factors that influence the heat transfer between the tube and the bed were discussed. The profiles of average solids fraction and heat transfer coefficient between gas‐tube and particle‐tube around the tube were obtained and the influences of fluidization parameters such as gas velocity and particle diameter on the transfer coefficient were explored by simulations. The computational results agree well with the experiment, which shows that the new CFD‐DEM method is feasible and accurate for the simulation of complex gas–solid flow with heat transfer. And this will improve the farther simulation study of the gas–solid two phase flow with chemical reactions in the fluidized bed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Size segregation of spherical nickel pellets in the surface flow of a packed bed: Experiments and Discrete Element Method simulations

The size segregation of binary mixtures of spherical nickel pellets flowing into a packed bed was investigated with Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations and physical experiments in 30 cm and 60 cm wide rectangular test cells. Each test cell approximates a vertical slice of a cylindrical packed bed, with a rising feed tube on one side of the cell representing the stationary frame of reference in the packed bed. As the feed tube is raised, the pellets flow laterally into the test cell to form a sloping surface inclined to the horizontal by the angle of repose. The lateral flow of pellets is confined near the surface of the packed bed, and was intermittent in character (i.e. surging). Velocity vectors show the detailed flow field in the simulated test cells. The smaller pellets were found to be concentrated near the core of the granular assembly, and the larger pellets segregate to the outer wall farthest from the feed tube. The degree of segregation, or coefficient of variation (variance/mean), is proportional to the diameter ratio α of the pellets and the length of the surface, and inversely proportional to the mass fraction of the smaller pellets within the range of parameters studied. The DEM simulations had an average deviation in mass fraction of 0.07 and maximum deviation of 0.22 from the experimental data.     

大型液压挖掘机斗杆挖掘阻力的离散元素法研究

针对由于缺乏铲斗挖掘阻力等关键数据而导致在大型正铲液压挖掘机工作装置、液压系统设计时只能采用类比法而造成整机性能差的问题,对挖掘机斗杆挖掘阻力进行了离散元研究,提出了一套仿真评估方法:运用离散元素法,在EDEM中建立了矿堆模型,通过选择Hertz-Mindlin无滑动接触模型计算了元素间接触力,模拟了大型正铲液压挖掘机斗杆挖掘工况,分析研究了挖掘过程中铲斗所受挖掘阻力。将EDEM中所得挖掘阻力加载到ADAMS挖掘机动力学模型,进行工作装置和液压回路参数校核以及挖掘阻力实验验证。研究结果表明,挖掘阻力的仿真与计算为大型液压挖掘机工作装置和液压系统设计提供了可靠依据。     

Study of filtered interphase heat transfer using highly resolved CFD–DEM simulations

Accurately predicting the complex inhomogeneous heat transfer behavior in gas–solid fluidized beds is of fundamental importance. In this work, we constitute an enhanced filtered interphase heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) closure by systematically filtering the dataset from highly resolved three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics–discrete element model simulations. Particularly, effects of several potential filtered variable markers on filtered IHTC predictions are examined by statistical analysis. We reveal the formulated filtered IHTC correction closure manifests a systematic dependence on filtered interphase temperature difference as an additional marker. The proposed closure shows good agreement with the filtered fine-grid simulation data in an a priori analysis. Moreover, the difference of filtered IHTC corrections deduced from 3D Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange simulations is quantified. Finally, the comparative analysis between our proposed filtered IHTC formulation and those in literature is implemented. This work holds a potential to facilitate the development of thermal gas–solid flow modeling.     

基于地聚反应的冷拌沥青混合料强度特性与机理探讨

利用马歇尔稳定度(MS)强度评价指标,对冷拌沥青混合料(简称冷拌料)在不同地聚添加剂、浸水、不同养生龄期等条件下进行宏观强度试验分析,并采用荧光显微镜及离散元模拟等方式,对集料表面的细观结构与地聚物的抗压机理进行研究,结果表明:冷拌料的MS随地聚物掺量的增加先增大后减小,在基质沥青与地聚添加剂质量比为4:3时达到峰值,...