Comparison of solid particle erosion predictions using the dense discrete phase and discrete element models

A numerical procedure involving the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is used to calculate solid particle erosion. DDPM works in two mechanisms. First, the discrete particles are treated as a pseudofluid, and the interaction among particles is evaluated by solving the governing equations of the pseudofluid. Second, the equivalent pressure of the pseudofluid is applied to a single particle to reflect the blocking effect of high-concentration particles. The numerical procedure is well verified by comparison with the experimental data picked from a direct impact test. In addition, the DDPM predictions are compared with the discrete element model (DEM) predictions in detail. Both methods show that the predicted mass loss caused by sand per unit mass decreases with an increase in sand concentration. DDPM indirectly considers the influence of particle interactions on solid particle erosion, and the predicted erosion contours are more uniform and smoother than the DEM-predicted contours.     

Anchor plate bearing capacity in flexible mesh facings

This work addresses the problem of the loading capacity of an anchor plate coupled with a steel wire mesh in soil retaining applications. The interaction mechanism between the flexible mesh facing, the underlying soil layer and the plate is studied starting from the results of several laboratory punch tests involving both the plate and the mesh only, and the whole soil-mesh-plate system. The experimental tests have been reproduced by adopting a 3D discrete element model where also the wire mesh is discretized as an assembly of interconnected nodal particles. The interaction between these particles is ruled by elasto-plastic tensile force–displacement laws in which a distortion is introduced in a stochastic manner to account for the wires’ geometrical irregularities. The mesh model is then validated with reference to a set of punch tests in which the shape and size of the punching element as well as the nominal wire diameter were varied. Subsequently, the model is extended to a punch against soil test configuration permitting an insight into the nontrivial local mechanism between the mesh facing and the underlying granular layer. The good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental observations at the laboratory scale allowed us to extend the model towards more realistic field conditions for which the role of the mesh panel boundary conditions, the mesh mechanical properties, the soil mechanical properties and the anchor plate geometry is investigated.     

DEM在风电场风机点位优化设计中的应用

本文基于DEM,通过Arc GIS10.0软件,采用空间分析工具提取出风电场测区内风机点位的坡度图,通过对坡度图进行分级统计分析,设计出风电场中风机点位的最优位置,从而提高工程项目的质量和效率。     

一个非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型

对非饱和结构性黄土进行离散元模拟需要合理的三维胶结接触模型。在含抗转动和抗扭转模型基础上引入了颗粒间吸引力以考虑范德华力和毛细力作用;提出了考虑胶结尺寸影响的胶结刚度和强度公式,考虑了不可恢复的化学胶结作用;建立了可以全面考虑含水率-孔隙比-吸力耦合作用的黄土接触模型。通过开展常规三轴压缩以及在不同偏应力水平下湿陷试验的三维离散元模拟,表明该三维接触模型可以较好地反映室内试验中非饱和结构性黄土的主要力学特性。     

放顶煤采场顶板运动规律的研究

利用离散元和有限元数值模拟及力学解析计算，分析了放顶煤采场中上覆岩层运动规律；认为采场上覆岩层运动为分层运动，运动结构为拱－梁结构；拱－梁转换的实现，是以拱顶的失稳升高为条件，在分析了影响顶板运动的主要因素（顶板岩层断裂角、放煤步距、顶板岩层块体尺寸、顶煤厚度）的基础上，认为放煤步距过大（≥２ｍ）会降低放煤率，增大老顶垮落的动压冲击程度。放顶煤工作面与非放顶煤工作面的区别是，采空区充填系数小，顶板岩层运动剧烈，走向方向超前支承应力峰值较大。     

基于不规则三角网的河网提取算法

本文提出了一种基于不规则三角网(Triangulated Irregular Network,TIN)的河网水系提取算法。讨论了河网水系的结构模式,包括河网水系的组织结构、层次结构和拓扑结构,并给出了河网水系描述的拓扑数据结构。在分析TIN中三角形各边的汇流特性基础上,依据矢量代数理论,讨论了三角形各边和水流方向的关系,并给出了各边汇流特性的判断准则。基于上述理论,设计了TIN的河网水系提取算法,并通过实例进行了分析验证。     

DEM若干理论问题思考

对用中误差描述和评价DEM整体精度的DEM随机误差观提出质疑,认为DEM是由带随机误差的原始数据内插而成,DEM误差就应由性质不同的两部分误差组成,即测绘所产生的随机误差和内插所产生的对地表曲面的逼近误差,二者可分别进行质量控制,对于内插误差,应采用定义域内的全部点是否符合最大绝对偏差的一次性否决法进行检验.通过讨论三维地面概念模型和DEM高保真问题等概念,说明DEM误差以随机误差概而论之的实质是漠视了DEM高保真这一质量要求;并结合地图代数研究,论述等高线族和地形结构线族的空间几何对偶关系———后者是前者的广义Voronoi界线,因此,当利用等高线数据生产DEM时,并不存在选择性采样F-S数据的必要.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of sands and Geldart A biomass co-fluidization

This article investigated the fluidization of sands and small Geldart A biomass mixtures. The mixture fluidized like Geldart A type particles with a uniform bed expansion regime before bubbling. The video recorded color distance between pure sands and sands–biomass mixtures was used to estimate the sands–biomass mixing. The coarse-grained computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method with a hybrid drag model which couples the Syamlal–O'Brien drag and a filtered drag can capture the mixing while the simulation with Gidaspow drag predicted a segregated bed. The simulations were further validated with experimental measured pressure drops. The time averaged pressure drop equals the weight of the bed material, however, its fluctuation is about three times of the bed material fluctuation.     

基于DEM的振动筛筛孔形状对潮湿原煤筛分效果影响的研究

随着原煤含水量的增加,引起原煤颗粒间相互粘聚,影响振动筛筛分效率。基于离散元法,运用EDEM软件模拟了潮湿原煤颗粒在圆形筛孔、方形筛孔和矩形筛孔的筛分过程,并且以筛分效率和阻碍粒排出率为衡量指标,对振动筛筛孔形状影响潮湿煤筛分效果进行了研究。结果表明:在筛孔名义尺寸相同的情况下,潮湿煤在矩形筛孔筛面上的筛分效果最好,方形筛孔次之,圆形筛孔最差。     

基于CFD-DEM方法的净化器流场模拟与结构优化

针对空气净化器能耗高的问题,使用离散元方法(DEM)在吸附滤网中建立随机堆积柱形活性炭模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对空气净化器内部流场进行数值模拟,在模拟与实验验证的基础上,考察了压降最小、流场最均匀的吸附滤网结构。结果表明,空气净化器压降主要发生在轴向,活性炭吸附滤网中回流、沟流现象严重,流体阻力是其他两种滤网的3倍。边数对多边形填充孔结构吸附滤网内压降与流场均匀性无影响,当孔结构改为圆形时,压降减小约52 Pa,节能18.4%(49 W);当孔直径由8 mm增至12 mm,压降减小约48 Pa,节能19.4%(45 W);滤网间距对空气净化器压降无影响,圆形、小孔径的吸附滤网内流场最均匀。