无控制DEM匹配与匹配优化技术

针对三维自由表面匹配问题,实现基于LZD算法进行无控制DEM匹配,克服了控制点布设的困难。通过分析转换参数相关性和地形特征对匹配能力的影响,提出了地形平滑处理的技术,改善了LZD算法的匹配性能,并通过相关试验进行了验证。该技术还可应用于计算机视觉、模式识别、工业产品质量检测、医学影像等应用领域。     

A data porting tool for coupling models with different discretization needs

The presented work is part of a larger research program dealing with developing tools for coupling biogeochemical models in contaminated landscapes. The specific objective of this article is to provide researchers with a data porting tool to build hexagonal raster using information from a rectangular raster data (e.g. GIS format). This tool involves a computational algorithm and an open source software (written in C). The method of extending the reticulated functions defined on 2D networks is an essential key of this algorithm and can also be used for other purposes than data porting. The algorithm allows one to build the hexagonal raster with a cell size independent from the geometry of the rectangular raster. The extended function is a bi-cubic spline which can exactly reconstruct polynomials up to degree three in each variable. We validate the method by analyzing errors in some theoretical case studies followed by other studies with real terrain elevation data. We also introduce and briefly present an iterative water routing method and use it for validation on a case with concrete terrain data.     

基于OpenGL的地形仿真方法研究

地形高程数据一般用二维深度图(range image)表示,如果直接显示为灰度图形式不直观,可视性差。本文针对OpenGL三维图形库提出了一种二维数字地形图转换为三维地形数据并建立相应数字高程模型的算法,实现了基于OpenGL的地形高程数据三维显示,并对晴雾天候下的地形视觉模型进行了仿真。     

基于GIS黄水河流域下垫面类型划分研究

以龙口市黄水河流域为例,通过运用地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO对流域形态特征的模拟以及与水文本文要素的相关分析,从而将空间信息转化为水评议信息,以此为基础,确定了流域下垫面类型划分的理论依据、方法和步骤,为区域水资源的计算提供了基础条件。     

规则网格数字高程模型中基于距离与坡度的路径规划算法

针对A^*算法在数字高程模型（DEM）路径规划中的低效问题,提出一种基于距离与坡度的改进A^*寻路算法。该算法面向规则网格DEM,以距离和坡度作为路径搜索评估指标,设计新的评价函数,并以地表障碍评判路径的可通行性。在寻路过程中,根据实际场景DEM数据计算相匹配的参数,使得改进算法能自适应不同场景下DEM数据分辨率的变化;采用动态权值调整完备性函数和启发性函数对评价结果的影响,优化路径选择。仿真测试结果表明,改进算法能够通过参数调整适应DEM分辨率的变化,搜索出优化的路径,降低搜索时间,提高搜索效率。     

Automatic Algorithm for Extracting Lake Boundaries in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on Cloudy Landsat TM/OLI Image and DEM

Lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are numerous and widely distributed, accounting for 41% and 57% of the total number and area of lakes in China, which are very important for the study of lakes in the whole country and even in the whole world. Remote sensing has been used to monitor the lake distribution for a long time, but optical remote sensing images are often obscured by clouds, from which it’s impossible to automatically extract complete lake boundaries. An automatic interpolation algorithm for lake boundary generation based on cloudy Landsat TM/OLI image and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is proposed. Firstly, supported by the platform of Google Earth Engine, the tier1 data of Landsat TM/OLI images are used to eliminate the effects of cloud, cloud shadow, snow and mountain area, based on the Pixel Quality Assessment (pixel_qa) attribute and SRTM 30 m DEM. Then, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) is calculated, and the Canny edge detection algorithm are used to obtain the known part of the lake boundary (L) in cloud-free areas. The possible lake areas are obtained by range filtering of DEM locally. At the same time, DEM is used to generate contours with an isometric interval of 1 m, and a series of contours surrounding the possible lake area are automatically screened out. The tree structure is established according to the inclusion relationship between contours. The leaf nodes are the innermost contours, which are recorded as inner contours (C1). Because the acquisition time of Landsat and DEM is different, with the lake expanding or shrinking, the lake water surface will rise or fall relative to the inner contour. Different methods of determining the outer contour (C2) are adopted. Subsequently, the slope-aspect relationship between the inner contour C1 and the outer contour C2 and the known part of the lake boundary L is established, and the unknown lake boundary points are interpolated. Finally, the nearest neighbor method is used to connect the known lake boundary points with the interpolated Lake boundary points to form a complete lake boundary. The extracted lake boundaries were validated by visual digitized lake boundaries from ZiYuan-3 image or cloud-free Landsat image on the near date. It is found that they are basically coincided, and the percentage of differences in length and area are -6.81%~9.4% and -2.11%~2.7% respectively. It shows that this method is very effective for automatic extraction of Lake boundary from cloudy Landsat TM/OLI images, and provides a new method for automatic extraction of long time series Lake boundary and its temporal and spatial variation analysis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on GEE and other big data platforms.     

利用拓扑关系快速提取鞍部点

从鞍部点的形态特征出发,利用移动窗口法预提取出符合地形结构的鞍部特征点,对DEM（Digital Elevation Model,数字高程模型）数据进行等高距分层以模拟出等高线地图的地貌特性,从而考查特征点与周围区域的拓扑关系,剔除未处于鞍部地区的伪特征点。实验结果表明,算法快速简便,所获取的鞍部点符合地貌认知。     

水源保护区划界的遥感与GIS技术研究

科学合理地划定水源地的保护范围是一项技术含量较高的工作。以厦门市饮用水源中的北溪引水渠(管道)和坂头水库为例,根据饮用水源保护区划分原则,研究基于数字化的地形图建立数字高程模型并自动生成汇水区盆地和流域范围的GIS技术、获取相关自然环境专题信息的遥感技术、以及综合利用社会和自然等多种数据源进行保护区范围界定的方法。重点探讨数字高程模型的建立以及汇水区盆地和流域边界自动生成的GIS方法。     

Non-stationary variogram models for geostatistical sampling optimisation: An empirical investigation using elevation data

A problem with use of the geostatistical Kriging error for optimal sampling design is that the design does not adapt locally to the character of spatial variation. This is because a stationary variogram or covariance function is a parameter of the geostatistical model. The objective of this paper was to investigate the utility of non-stationary geostatistics for optimal sampling design. First, a contour data set of Wiltshire was split into 25 equal sub-regions and a local variogram was predicted for each. These variograms were fitted with models and the coefficients used in Kriging to select optimal sample spacings for each sub-region. Large differences existed between the designs for the whole region (based on the global variogram) and for the sub-regions (based on the local variograms). Second, a segmentation approach was used to divide a digital terrain model into separate segments. Segment-based variograms were predicted and fitted with models. Optimal sample spacings were then determined for the whole region and for the sub-regions. It was demonstrated that the global design was inadequate, grossly over-sampling some segments while under-sampling others.     

基于小波分解和ROI的数字高程模型表面建模

将小波多尺度分解和ROI应用于数字高程模型(DEM)的表面建模中,首先用非均匀B样条曲面进行数字高程模型地形表面建模,然后用小波多尺度的特征将地表曲面进行压缩和光顺处理.对复杂地表曲面,可能只对某些局部区域感兴趣,因此在小波多尺度分解过程中要结合感兴趣区域(ROI)的方法.本文阐述了地表曲面小波分解和ROI多分辨率表示的原理,给出了具体曲面的小波分解算法和实现结果,有效减少了曲面存储所需的空间并提高了曲面的光顺程度.