硝酸铵的膨化机理研究

膨化硝酸铵是一种自敏化改性硝酸铵,由硝酸铵溶液在专用表面活性剂作用下,经真空强制析晶工艺制得.文中研究了膨化硝酸铵制备的膨化过程和专用表面活性剂的作用,结果表明:在真空和表面活性剂作用下,硝酸铵溶液由不饱和状态至饱和状态,进而达到过饱和状态,最终导致硝酸铵的快速结晶和体系的膨胀.在真空干燥过程中,形成中心空穴、微细孔道和裂缝,它们使膨化硝酸铵的起爆感度提高;专用表面活性剂具有降低硝酸铵溶液表面张力、发泡剂和加快结晶成核的作用.     

Growth condition of iodine-doped n+-CdTe layers in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy

Iodine doping of CdTe layers grown on (100) GaAs by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was studied using diethyltelluride (DETe) and diisopropyltelluride (DiPTe) as tellurium precursors and ethyliodine (EI) as a dopant. Electron densities of doped layers increased gradually with decreasing the growth temperature from 425°C to 325°C. Doped layers grown with DETe had higher electron densities than those grown with DiPTe. When the hot-wall temperature was increased from 200°C to 250°C at the growth temperature of 325°C, doped layers grown with DETe showed an increase of the electron density from 3.7×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ to 2.6×10¹⁸ cm⁻³. On the other hand, such an increase of the electron density was not observed for layers grown with DiPTe. The mechanisms for different doping properties for DETe and DiPTe were studied on the basis of the growth characteristics for these precursors. Higher thermal stability of DETe than that of DiPTe was considered to cause the difference of doping properties. With increasing the hot-wall temperature from 200°C to 250°C, the effective ratio of Cd to Te species on the growth surface became larger for layers grown with DETe than those grown with DiPTe. This was considered to decrease the compensation of doped iodine and to increase the electron density of layers grown with DETe. The effective ratio of Cd to Te species on the growth surface also increased with decreasing growth temperature. This was considered to increase the electron density with decreasing growth temperature.     

A NEW APPROACH FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND ENUMERATION OF UNIQUE REACTION ROUTES AND UNIQUE OVERALL REACTIONS IN MULTIPLE CHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEMS

The methodology of response reactions (RERs) introduced earlier from thermodynamic and kinetic considerations is used in this work to develop a new algorithm for the classification and enumeration of unique/direct reaction routes (RRs) and overall reactions (ORs). According to the RERs approach, a unique set of both RRs and ORs may be generated starting from any conceivable set of linearly independent RRs and ORs. In particular, the direct ORs may be most conveniently enumerated starting from the formula matrix of the terminal species (reactants and products), i.e., without any relation to the elementary reactions comprising the detailed mechanism. Depending on the type of ORs produced by the RRs one can distinguish between two distinct types of direct RRs. Namely, one option is to define a direct RR by specifying the intermediate species that need to be eliminated. This type of RR is referred to as Milner RRs. The other option is to require the direct RRs to produce RERs, thus resulting in RRs referred to as Happel-Sellers RRs.     

川东北三叠系飞仙关组鲕滩气藏有利储集层的形成与分布

川东北地区三叠系飞仙关组鲕滩气藏是近年四川盆地碳酸盐岩天然气勘探取得重大突破的领域，目前在中国石油探区内已发现罗家寨、渡口河、铁山坡等大中型气藏。对鲕滩气藏白云岩储集层进行岩心观察、显微薄片分析，并进行微量元素、流体包裹体、X衍射、阴极发光及电子探针等分析，结果表明，白云岩化和多期溶蚀是形成优质白云岩储集层的关键因素，混合云化与埋藏云化的叠加作用是形成孔隙性白云岩储集层的基本条件。飞仙关组鲕滩气藏储集层经历了4期溶蚀作用，即同生期溶蚀作用、浅埋期溶蚀作用、深埋期溶蚀作用和抬升期溶蚀作用，形成优质白云岩储集层的主要溶蚀作用是浅埋期和深埋期的溶蚀作用。优质白云岩储集层主要分布在台缘鲕粒滩相带，纵向与亮晶鲕粒灰岩呈韵律性互层，横向主要分布在鲕粒滩坝靠近漏湖-潮坪一侧。     

利用催化加氢热解技术提取沉积 有机质中生物标志化合物

利用催化加氢热解技术提取了高演化沉积有机质中共价键结合的生物标志化合物,探讨了干酪根催化加氢热解反应机理,并考察了反应产物分布和影响反应的关键变量.实验表明,程序升温固定床催化加氢热解反应条件:温度上限为520℃,升温速率为5℃/min,氢压大于10MPa,氢气流量为5L/min,分散型催化剂为MoS₂(Mo的质量分数为1%).实验结果表明,催化加氢热解对提取高产率、结构重排少的干酪根中共价键结合的生物标志化合物有独特作用,该方法可以应用于有机地球化学领域.     

Environmental degradation using functionally graded material approach

Attempts to model the degradation of polymer composites have been restricted to modelling the effects of selected degradation mechanisms. No comprehensive model has yet been accepted to predict the effect of the natural environment on the strength of polymer composites. From a review of available literature, it appears that the matrix of a polymer composite is most affected by exposure to the natural environment. Further, the damage appears to progress from the surface into the interior of the laminate. An approach has been developed to determine the properties of the damaged layer and combine the properties of the damaged and undamaged layer to obtain bulk material properties of the laminate.     

水力脉冲式钻井工具的研制与应用

水力脉冲式钻井是利用特定的工具使钻井管柱中的连续流转变为脉冲射流,从而改变井底流场的压力状况,进而提高机械钻速的一种钻井新工艺。在分析水力脉冲产生机理的基础上,探讨了基于瞬变流理论的机械阻断式水力脉冲破岩机理,介绍了SLPMC机械阻断式水力脉冲工具的工作原理及结构特点,简单叙述了该工具在胜利油田进行的2口井的现场试验情况。该钻井工具对于提高机械钻速和降低钻井成本具有一定的积极意义。     

中小企业创业资源的形成机制研究

创业资源是创业的基础,创业过程的规律性和市场配置资源的基础作用影响和决定中小企业创业资源的内在功能和形成方式。对中小企业资源的形成机制进行了分析探讨,并分析了它们之间的内在关系。     

剂量率对聚四氟乙烯辐射裂解的影响

本文研究了在以电子加速器的电子射线为辐射源时,剂量率对PTFE辐射裂解的影响。在剂量相同的条件下,剂量率从1.44×10~4 rad/s增至5.75×10~4 rad/s,裂解效率提高3.3倍。剂量率和各断裂参数(单位剂量裂解度a_0,G(s)值等)均成线性关系。当裂解度一定时,剂量率与剂量成反变关系。     

反应烧结法制备MgAlON的合成机理及烧结行为的研究

通过对以Al2 O3、MgO和AlN为起始原料 ,在氮气气氛中反应烧结合成MgAlON材料合成机理的研究发现 :在 12 0 0℃以前 ,MgO与Al2 O3反应生成镁铝尖晶石 ,此后 ,随着温度的升高 ,Al2O3不断向所形成的尖晶石中固溶 ;在 130 0℃以前 ,AlN基本上不参与反应 ,而在更高的温度下 ,AlN开始向尖晶石中固溶形成MgAlON ,约在 15 5 0℃时形成单一的MgAlON相。用热膨胀仪检测了试样的线变化率随温度和时间的变化 ,用最小二乘法回归分析了试样线变化率的实验数据 ,并根据烧结理论对MgAlON材料烧结初期的动力学进行了探讨。结果表明 ,MgAlON材料烧结初期的烧结机理以体积扩散为主