Optimization of the Quality Characteristics of Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed (LACS) Aluminum Coatings with Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE)

This study employs Taguchi design of experiments to identify optimal process parameters (deposition temperature, transverse speed, powder feed rate, and operating pressure) associated with quality characteristics (porosity and hardness) of laser-assisted cold-sprayed (LACS) pure aluminum coatings. Optimal quality characteristics of the coatings were obtained by setting deposition temperature at 450°C, transverse speed at 5 mm/s, operating pressure at 30 bar, and powder feed rate at 25 rev/min. This study helps in improving the yield and stability of pure aluminum coatings produced via LACS process while it also reduces its variability which results in high rejection, rework, and warranty costs.     

Interface growth morphologies in pulsed laser deposited, room temperature grown multilayer hard coatings

The mechanical behaviour - hardness, elasticity, and adhesion - of multilayer coatings is strongly influenced by the type of the formed interfaces between the different layers. In industrially applied tribological coatings the interface region is predominantly not a perfect sudden change of the chemical composition of the adjacent crystal planes, but a transition zone of a thickness, which is strongly dependent on the energetic conditions during deposition. Multilayer coatings grown by high-energetic deposition techniques always struggle with high atomic mixing of both adjacent coating materials due to high energetic ion implantation.One of these high-energetic deposition techniques is the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), characterized by pulsed and within one pulse alternating high- and low-energetic particle fractions, hitting successively the substrate surface. Such deposition conditions were shown to be highly advantageous for low temperature deposition by the densification of the growth structures due to activated diffusion and re-sputtering, but increases the difficulty in depositing multilayer structures.The current paper addresses these specific growth conditions based on Ti/TiN and Cr/CrN multilayer coatings. High resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that the atomic mixing at the interface is not highly critical for the deposition of multilayer coatings and that extremely dense growth structures are forming even in the interface regions.     

Pressure dependence of morphology and phase composition of SiC films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on cemented carbide substrates

SiC films were deposited on cemented carbide substrates by employing microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method using tetramethylsilane (Si(CH₃)₄) diluted in H₂ as the precursor. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scratching technique were used to characterize morphology, composition, phases present and adhesion of the films. Experimental results show that the deposition pressure has great influence on morphologies and phase composition of the films. In sequence, SiC films with a cauliflower-like microstructure, granular films with terrace-featured SiC particles coexisting with Co₂Si compound and clusters of nanometer SiC nanoplatelets appear as a function of the deposition pressure. In terms of plasma density and substrate temperature, this sequential appearance of microstructures of SiC films was explained. Adhesion tests showed that among the three types of films studied, the films with the terrace-featured SiC particles have relatively higher adhesion. Such knowledge will be of importance when the SiC films are used as interlayer between diamond films and cemented carbide substrates.     

Structural, optical and electrical properties of reactively sputtered Ag2Cu2O3 films

Ag₂Cu₂O₃ thin films were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering of an equiatomic silver-copper target (Ag_0.5Cu_0.5) in reactive Ar-O₂ mixtures. The reactive sputtering was done at varying power, oxygen flow rate and deposition temperature to study the influence of these parameters on the deposition of Ag₂Cu₂O₃ films. The film structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, while the optical properties were examined by spectrophotometry (UV-vis-NIR) and photoluminescence. Furthermore, the film thickness and resistivity were measured by tactile profilometry and 4-point probe, respectively. Additional mobility, resistivity and charge carrier density Hall effect measurements were done on a few selected samples. The best films in terms of stoichiometry and crystallography were achieved with a sputtering power of 100 W, oxygen and argon flow rates of 20 sccm (giving a deposition pressure of 1.21 Pa) and a deposition temperature of 250 °C. The optical transmittance and photoluminescence spectra of films deposited with these parameters indicate several band gaps, most prominently, a direct one of around 2.2 eV. Electrical characterization reveals charge carrier concentrations and mobilities in the range of 10²¹-10²² cm^− 3 and 0.01-0.1 cm²/Vs, respectively.     

高效率平面磁控溅射器的研制

介绍一种新型磁控溅射装置。它采用两块极性相对的环状磁铁的设计方法，通过扩大靶表面的等离子放电区域面积，使传统磁控溅射枪使用中经常受到的两个限制──溅射速率与靶的利用率得到了较大的改善。实验中铜靶在溅射功率密度为11W／cm~2时溅射速率约为800nm／min，如果继续提高功率则可获得更高的速率。而靶的利用率可达64％左右。另外，在认为出射粒子符合cos~nθ分布的前提下，发现当n＝3．3时，实验数据和理论数据符合得较好。     

防垢剂BZF－2的研制与应用

桩西油田产出原油综合含水已达６０％－７０％，原用防垢剂ＨＥＤＰ已失去有效抑制集输站结垢的性能。本工作针对结垢最严重的桩５２站的应用，研制了以有机膦化合物和聚氧乙烯醚为主成份的防垢剂ＢＺＦ－２，在室内考察了不同条件下的防垢率、腐蚀性、配伍性等性能，在桩５２站进行了为期４个月的现场试验，加量为１０．３ｍｌ／ｌ、防垢率≥９８．０％，加药设备管线的腐蚀率大大降低。     

Field emission properties of electrodeposited cobalt nanowire arrays grown in anodic aluminum oxide

The excellent vertically aligned cobalt nanowire arrays were electrodeposited into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Each nanowire has the same length with 20 μm and the diameter with 60 nm. The field emission characteristics of the nanowires were firstly studied based on current-voltage measurements and the Fowler-Nordheim equation. The electron field emission measurements on the samples showed a turn-on field (1 mA/cm²) of 1.66 V/μm, a field enhancement factor of β = 3054 and a current density of 600 mA/cm² at a relatively low voltage of 4.3 V/μm. The nanowire arrays could be an ideal alternative to carbon nanotubes and ZnO nanowires for the fabrication of flat panel displays.     

无支撑熔融挤压快速成形的参数研究

针对快速成形产品悬空部分的支撑问题,归纳出常见零件的5种悬空特征,分别为倾斜形、弧顶形、平顶形、开放式悬臂形、封闭式悬臂形。采种熔融挤压工艺进行加工试验,得到这5种悬空特征无需添加支撑即可成形的极限悬空参数,分别为倾斜角60°、弧顶半径4 mm、平顶长度8 mm、开放式悬臂长度3 mm、封闭式悬臂长度5 mm。成形环境温度对悬空部分的成形质量影响较大。     

用于FDM的导电ABS/MWCNT复合材料的制备

采用熔融共混法将丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合,并对所得的复合材料进行了力学性能、热性能和电学性能分析。结果表明,添加MWCNT能够提高复合材料的力学性能、电导率和耐热性,力学性能在MWCNT添加量为2%时最佳,电导率随MWCNT添加量的增加而增大,MWCNT添加量为4%时,其电导率能达到4.35×10-6S/m。将添加4%MWCNT的复合材料拉丝,然后以三种打印方向进行熔融沉积(FDM)打印,研究了打印试样的力学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了其断面形貌。结果表明,水平方向打印的试样力学强度最好,侧向打印的试样次之,垂直方向打印的样品由于仅靠丝材的层间黏结,其力学强度比较差,与纯ABS丝材打印试样相比,复合丝材打印试样的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有明显提高,冲击强度有所下降。     

Effect of Floodwater Extraction on Mountain Stream Morphology

Floodwater is often extracted for consumptive purposes from western mountain streams in the United States. The long-term extraction of floodwater may alter the morphological and ecological balance of such streams. Scale model experiments based on eight mountain gravel-bed streams in Idaho were conducted to test the effects of floodwater extraction on stream morphology. The model channel transported a poorly sorted mix of model “gravel,” as well as copious amounts of model “sand.” The channel had a discontinuous floodplain, developed its own bar morphology, and contained large model colluvium as well as a bedrock platform. A mobile-bed equilibrium was first developed using a repeated hydrograph. The experiment was then repeated using a sliding cutoff discharge. The discharges in the hydrograph that were below a given cutoff discharge were reduced to 30% of bankfull discharge. By raising the cutoff discharge, it was possible to study the effect of increasing severity of floodwater extraction on stream morphology. The experiments indicated an increase in sand content on the bed surface and a decrease in the standard deviation of fluctuations in bed elevation with increasing severity of floodwater extraction.