准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩气藏形成条件分析

通过对准噶尔盆地石炭系油气成藏条件的分析,认为火山岩相、基底断裂和生烃中心是石炭系油气成藏的主要控制因素。自生自储是石炭系油气来源的重要特征,火山岩是石炭系主要储层,分布广,厚度大;孔隙和裂缝是主要储集空间类型,且物性不受埋深影响;不同的火山岩性-岩相有不同的储集性能,溢流相的流纹岩、安山岩和爆发相的火山角砾岩是好的火山岩相;火山岩风化壳孔缝发育,是最优质的储集体。断裂是油气运移的主要通道,纵向运移是油气聚集的主要方式,基底断裂控制着油气藏的分布。二叠系和中生界泥质岩类构成了石炭系主要盖层,油气保存条件好。     

辽河中下游水体中有机氯农药的残留调查

对辽河中下游水及沉积物中有机氯农药（OCPs)进行了分析测定。由色谱测得的结果表明，水和沉积物中所检出的OCPs浓度分别为7．59－34．98ng/L和0．45－7．26ng/g。水中OCPs的浓度与其他几个水体水中的浓度接近或略低。毓宝台大桥（L02）水中六六六（HCHs)包括明显高于其他站点，且α-HCH所占比例与工业产品中该异构体比例基本接近，因此，在L02上游附近应有HCHs污染源存在。各个站点滴滴涕及其降解产物（DDTs）在水和沉积物两相中的分配不均匀，且相差较大，说明悬浮物在整个监测河段上的沉降极不均匀。     

龙川江流域主要气象要素及径流变化趋势分析

采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法对金沙江一级支流龙川江流域1970年-2009年逐月气温、降水及1961年-2008年径流资料进行趋势检验,并运用R/S方法分析流域的年平均气温、降水、径流时间序列的持续性,估算各项指标的Hurst指数,以定量估计未来气候及径流的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)过去几十年来,流域内降水呈上升趋势但不显著,未来降水将持续增加且元谋站降水的增长趋势持续性较强;(2)几十年来,流域气温呈显著上升趋势,未来气温将会持续过去的上升趋势;(3)几十年来,流域径流呈减少趋势,但不显著,未来继续呈下降趋势,但持续性不强。     

考虑来水的东江流域用水量脉冲响应

运用协整的方法研究广东省东江流域近30年来总用水量与各行业用水量及流域来水量的长期关系,并建立了向量自回归模型对行业用水量和来水量的关系进行脉冲响应分析和方差分解。结果表明,东江流域总用水量的波动主要归因于生产用水的冲击,其对总用水量的方差贡献率之和长期达到91％以上,总用水量对来水的冲击呈现微弱负向响应;第二产业用水对自身和除第一产业用水外的行业用水波动影响强大而持久,为显著的正向响应,远大于各行业用水相互间的冲击。     

长江河道采砂管理健康评价指标体系研究

 长江河道采砂管理的主要目标是维护河势稳定、保 障防洪安全、保障通航安全和保护水生态与环境。根据长江流域河道采砂管理的特点，提出 了长江流域河道采砂管理健康评价指标体系，包括河势稳定率、堤防影响率、通航水深保证 率、水功能区影响率、工程安全影响率、行政首长负责制到位率等18个指标，对指标体系各 类指标的内涵进行了分析，并给出了各类指标的评价标准和方法，对河道采砂管理的定量化 评价方法进行了探索。     

宜昌市黄柏河流域污染源调查及对策

黄柏河流域为宜昌市主要饮用水源地,为调查水体富营养化的原因,本次主要针对工矿企业、农业面源、生活垃圾、养殖以及库区水质进行了调查与监测。结果表明:流域内的磷主要来源于工矿企业,而氮主要来源于农业面源;工矿企业排放污水口水质均不达标;企业开发管理不规范;农业种植结构不合理;居民生活垃圾处理不当。     

Organic geochemistry of heavy/extra heavy oils from sidewall cores, Lower Lagunillas Member, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela

The study of 22 oils from sidewall cores taken at different depths in the Lower Lagunillas Member, well LSJ-AB, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Lake is presented, with the purpose of predicting the intervals that present the best crude oil quality. Differences were detected in the biodegradation levels of the studied samples, which are correlated with the depth at which the sidewall core was taken. The API gravity was considered for the oils from each sidewall core and it was found that toward the top of the sequence, the oils have an API gravity of 10.6-11.2°, while toward the base part of the sequence, the well produces extra heavy oils with an API gravity that varies between 8.2 and 8.7°.     

基于模型正演的叠前深度偏移

川西龙门山前缘构造非常复杂，逆掩推覆构造带构造形变强烈，构造幅度大，地层倾角陡，断块发育，波场复杂，速度横向变化大，常规叠后时间偏移处理成像效果较差。文章将地震资料模型正演技术应用到叠前深度偏移，探讨了一种有助于川西龙门山前缘逆掩推覆构造地震资料精确成像技术。先利用已有地震资料解释成果，根据地质任务建立二维地质模型，在此基础上进行射线追踪、模拟出单炮地震记录和自激自收剖面，从而对观测系统的最大炮检距、道间距等参数进行论证的一些实用方法，这些方法对地震资料采集具有很好的指导作用；然后根据这些结果，再比较准确地进行叠前深度偏移的初始速度模型建立，从而达到了复杂地表下复杂构造精确成像的目的。     

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柴达木盆地东部第四系烃源岩有机质含量低，盖层质量差，但却形成了高产生物气田，研究其成因具有重要的理论和实际意义。研究表明，气田的形成主要具备４个有利地质条件：①在区域上，由于印度板块向北挤压和青藏高原的隆升，使盆地产生西高东低的差异性升降，致使在很短的第四纪中快速沉积了３１００ｍ湖、沼相地层，为气田的形成提供了烃源岩和储集层；③烃源岩有机质含量低，但厚度大，且由于快速沉积于寒冷、高盐度的水体中，从而抑制了甲烷菌在浅表层的活动和生物气的早期溢散；③泥岩盖层虽有较大孔隙度和一定渗透性，但由于气层压力低，小于泥岩突破压力泅而仍具封盖性，特别是泥岩盖层富含盐水、粘土矿物易于膨胀本身生气使烃浓度增加等，加大了盖层的突破压力，使之成为有效盖层；④随着印度板块的向北挤压，在第四系中形成了许多同沉积构造，为生物气的富集提供了场所。     

Allochthonous blocks misidentified as the basement: Implication for petroleum exploration in the SW Thrace Basin (Turkey)

The sedimentary sequence of the SW Thrace Basin (NW Turkey) comprises of three major sedimentary packages: a) Cretaceous (Meastrichtien)–Early Eocene package formed as pelagic carbonate, turbidite, shelf and nearshore-fluvial deposits, b) Middle Eocene–Early Oligocene package formed as shallow marine, slope apron and turbidite sediments, c) Middle Miocene–Early Pliocene package formed as alluvial fan-fluvial and nearshore deposits. This basin is structurally complex and its southern margin is represented by a fold-thrust zone. The Westward Propagation of the North Anatolian Fault (WPNAF) intersects the Thrace Basin along its southwestern flank. In the SW Thrace Basin, there are ophiolite and limestone blocks in the sedimentary succession, which previously were interpreted as suture of the Intra-Pontide Ocean, Cretaceous aged Yeniköy Mélange or Olistostromal Unit in the Eocene sediments. In this study these rocks have been defined as allochthonous blocks facies of the Gaziköy Formation aged Middle–Late Eocene.In previous studies the Karaağaç Formation (Early Eocene) was considered to be within oil window and have an average potential for oil and gas generation. According to our data the Karaağaç Formation has a moderate TOC content, is mature and overmature. In the study area, there are potential stratigraphic traps (submarine fans and channels of the Karaağaç and Keşan Formations, fluvial channels of the Fıçıtepe Formation and reefs of the Soğucak Formation), potential fractured tuffs (the Gaziköy Formation) and, potential structural traps related to the folds, thrusts and the WPNAF. Although 17 exploration wells have been drilled in the study area and vicinity, no discovery has yet been made. The cause of this may be that the wells were terminated at depths shallower than potential targets or possibly drilling may have been terminated at the allochthonous block facies of the Gaziköy Formation, which is especially derived from ophiolite mélange and was misidentified as basement.