Experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer and airflow on an interactive building facade

The envelope of a building is mainly responsible for its energy demand. Different kinds of double skin facades (DSFs) are nowadays used as a building envelope to reduce the energy demand and improve aesthetical view of buildings. Although DSF are already extensively used, their thermal performance is not well understood. This study presents a decoupling method capable to evaluate thermal performances and analyze fluid phenomena in a DSF. The solar radiation effects were evaluated with an analytical model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to evaluate complex flow and thermal effect on a commercial DSF. With the decoupling approach to account for the effects of solar radiation and flow, the numerical results obtained by the CFD approach agree well with the experimental data collected on a full scale test room with a ventilated DSF. The method can be used to establish a database to develop a tool for DSF design.     

应用直接立面法与辅助心点量点法绘制透视图

在“建筑阴影透视”课程教学中,量点法作建筑透视图的原理较复杂,而且在手工绘制量点法两点透视图时,经常遇到图幅过大造成灭点与视点落在图板之外(即不可达)而难以操作的情况.提出一种简便易行、有效利用有限图纸空间的方法:应用直接立面法与心点为辅助灭点综合的作图方法.如此,可以省略灭点,应用必然可达的心点和图板内的量点作图,还避免了学生容易将灭点和量点混淆的错误.并以基本立体和建筑群为例对该方法进行了应用和验证.结果显示,方法行之有效,值得推广应用.     

Experimental determination of the load‐bearing capacity of a reinforced perforated brick facade

For a new multi‐storey car park over the Central Bus Station (ZOB) in Kiel, a perforated clinker brick veneer facade not conforming to standards was planned. The design and technical characteristics of the facade have already been described in the article by Medzech and Schrade in this issue [1]. This article deals with the experimental investigations carried out to obtain a project‐related one‐off approval (ZiE). These experiments contain in particular large tests on storey‐height wall sections, which were subjected to eccentric compressive loading and partly to horizontal loads representing wind action. Supplementary small tests on unreinforced and reinforced masonry served to determine the bending capacity, the anchoring capacity of the reinforcement and the load‐bearing capacity of the wall anchors in the masonry. Due to the special facade construction with special bricks for the project, wall anchors, reinforcement bar couplers and unique test set‐ups had to be developed for the specific project.     

The Art of Masonry

Brick masonry is not only a question of building physics, building construction and durability, i.e. sustainability, but has much to do with aesthetics and making sense, which may have been forgotten in modern architecture with its absolute lack of décor. Masonry as an art form has been scarce since the era of brick expressionism. Recently, there have been some exceptions – and thoroughly welcome. The ”Fjordenhus“ in Vejle, Denmark, is an astonishing example.     

暗藏外遮阳卷帘盒的窗户结构研究

本文结合传统的外遮阳做法,对外遮阳的构造做法进行了创新,力求实现既不影响建筑外立面效果又能切实起到遮阳实现节能建筑的要求构造方式.     

Three-dimensional simulation with a CFD tool of the airflow phenomena in single floor double-skin facade equipped with a venetian blind

Nowadays different kinds of double-skin facades are developed and used in new architectural projects. The aim of these facades is, on the one hand, to increase internal comfort and, on the other hand, to decrease energy consumption. In order to optimise the overall performance of the double-skin façades, their detailed behaviour needs to be better understood. The prediction of the airflow within the channel (between the two glazings) is very important for understanding of the double-skin facades behaviour, especially in summer conditions. A comprehensive modelling of a compact double-skin facade equipped with a venetian blind and forced ventilation is proposed here. The modelling is done using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) approach to assess the air movement within the ventilated facade channel. Three-dimensional airflow is modelled using a homogeneous porous media representation, in order to reduce the size of the mathematical model. A parametric study is proposed here, analysing the impact of three parameters on the airflow development: slat tilt angle, blind position and air outlet position. The distance between the blind and the external glazing was found to have a major impact on the velocity profiles inside the double-skin facade channel.     

Experimental study of a mechanically ventilated double-skin façade with venetian sun-shading device: A full-scale investigation in controlled environment

The aim of this article is to present results of an experimental campaign performed on a full-scale facility provided with a double-skin façade. The behaviour of this architectural concept is tested under controlled climatic conditions. A summer case is scrutinised under different configurations: variation of the airflow through the double-skin façade and different angle of the solar shading device. This paper describes the experimental conditions, as well the test facility and the tested façade element. The results show the temperatures of the test cell and the façade and how they depend on the climatic conditions and the sun-shading device blade angles. One objective of this research was to measure and provide extensive data set detailing air and surface temperatures on the double-skin façade, together with airflow rates and air velocities. The experiments are fully described so that the results can be used for the validation of numerical models dealing with ventilated double-skin façades with venetian sun-shading device.     

EJB中的Facade模式原理

J2EE是Sun公司提出的开发和运行企业级Web应用的标准,可以用于开发大型的、多层次的以及分布式的企业级Web应用系统。EJB的设计是J2EE应用设计中的核心模块,它强调的是可复用性、可维护性、可移植性等。目前,EJB的设计模式有几十种,如何选择适合自己项目的模式是EJB设计的关键问题,Facade模式是EJB中广泛使用的一种模式,介绍了EJB中Facade模式的两种实现——Session Facade和Message Facade,以及设计和使用Facade模式的一些规则。     

应用直接立面法与辅助心点量点法绘制透视图

摘 要：在“建筑阴影透视”课程教学中,量点法作建筑透视图的原理较复杂,而且在手工绘制量点法两点透视图时,经常遇到图幅过大造成灭点与视点落在图板之外（即不可达）而难以操作的情况。提出一种简便易行、有效利用有限图纸空间的方法：应用直接立面法与心点为辅助灭点综合的作图方法。如此,可以省略灭点,应用必然可达的心点和图板内的量点作图,还避免了学生容易将灭点和量点混淆的错误。并以基本立体和建筑群为例对该方法进行了应用和验证。结果显示,方法行之有效,值得推广应用。     

一种新型光伏幕墙

介绍了一种新型光伏幕墙的创新点.电气参数,结构形式以及建造过程.采用外循环双层幕墙结构解决了光伏组件散热的问题,采用新型边框结构解决了EVA胶层受力的问题,设备及材料全部国产化,成为新型光伏幕墙的创新点.