Construction and test of the final CMS Barrel Drift Tube Muon Chamber prototype

A prototype of the CMS Barrel Muon Detector incorporating all the features of the final chambers was built using the mass production assembly procedures and tools. The performance of this prototype was studied in a muon test beam at CERN and the results obtained are presented in this paper.     

Sand Control Measures and Sand Drift Fences

Sand drift and sand dune movements are typical logistic problems facing civilian and industrial cities in arid and semiarid countries like Saudi Arabia. Some of these countries are considered active when it comes to sand drift and sand dune movement, due to the high annual sand drift rate. Urban cities have extensive facilities in the middle of these active areas that require good protection and innovative solutions?to this problem. This paper briefly reviews sand movement control measures and highlights sand drift fence design guidelines for the first time.     

减小压力变送器漂移的方法

扩散硅压力芯片和硅环基座封接采用金硅共熔工艺,硅环通过引压管和底座封接,整个力敏器件的结构是浮动式,这样大大减小了芯片周围的应力。芯片外面是充满硅油的膜盒腔。扩散硅芯片内引线采用高掺杂浓度导电带,外引线用金丝,热压焊和超声焊相结合,保证接点有良好的导电性能。这些措施减小了压力变送器的时漂,提高了可靠性。变送器的零点和灵敏度热漂移经过外电路补偿后显著降低。通过两种不同的外电路分别组成电压电流输出的压力变送器,在-20～70℃范围内,准确度为±0.5％F.S,输出信号可为0～5V,4～20mA,1～5V。可广泛用于宇航,石油化工等领域测气体、液体介质的压力。     

Mechanical degradation of emplacement drifts at Yucca Mountain—A modeling case study—Part I: Nonlithophysal rock

This paper outlines rock mechanics investigations associated with mechanical degradation of planned emplacement drifts at Yucca Mountain, which is the designated site for the proposed US high-level nuclear waste repository. The factors leading to drift degradation include stresses from the overburden, stresses induced by the heat released from the emplaced waste, stresses due to seismically related ground motions, and time-dependent strength degradation. The welded tuff emplacement horizon consists of two groups of rock with distinct engineering properties: nonlithophysal units and lithophysal units, based on the relative proportion of lithophysal cavities. The term ‘lithophysal’ refers to hollow, bubble like cavities in volcanic rock that are surrounded by a porous rim formed by fine-grained alkali feldspar, quartz, and other minerals. Lithophysae are typically a few centimeters to a few decimeters in diameter. Part I of the paper concentrates on the generally hard, strong, and fractured nonlithophysal rock. The degradation behavior of the tunnels in the nonlithophysal rock is controlled by the occurrence of keyblocks. A statistically equivalent fracture model was generated based on extensive underground fracture mapping data from the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain. Three-dimensional distinct block analyses, generated with the fracture patterns randomly selected from the fracture model, were developed with the consideration of in situ, thermal, and seismic loads. In this study, field data, laboratory data, and numerical analyses are well integrated to provide a solution for the unique problem of modeling drift degradation.     

小官庄铁矿—300m水平北运巷稳定性研究

为评价小官庄铁矿－３００ｍ水平北运巷的稳定性状况，采用岩土工程数值分析方法，从应力，应形和结构等３个方面的共同效应研究了北区开采对北运巷稳定性的影响。指出了应力集中和张拉域的扩展是该巷道破坏的主要表现形式，并提出了北运巷合理的支护方法和措施。     

The impact of river regulation on invertebrate communities in the U.K.

The impact of river regulation on invertebrates has received comparatively little attention in the U.K., with most studies concentrating on the effects of impoundment. During dam construction invertebrate diversity and abundance decreases. Longer term alterations in community structure (which usually extend for a relatively short distance downstream) reflect changes in flow, substrate, temperature, and water quality. In particular adverse effects on invertebrates have been attributed to a reduction in substrate heterogeneity together with an accumulation of sediment. Responses to impoundment within and between taxonomic groups are highly variable. In general Ephemeroptera and Coleoptera are reduced. Of the Plecoptera the Perlodidae and Chloroperlidae are more likely to be adversely affected than the Nemouridae or Leuctridae. The impact of impoundment on net-spinning Trichoptera varies with reductions in some populations and enhancement in others. Simuliids are usually restricted, probably because of a lack of suitable oviposition or attachment sites. Freshets released from reservoirs increase the level of invertebrate drift. However, the full consequences of impoundment on drift, recolonization, and upstream migration have yet to be assessed. There is some evidence that modified temperature regimes cause extended egg hatching periods and alter larval growth rates but further studies are needed. Little is known of the effects of inter-river transfers on invertebrates, but it has been suggested that changes in flow velocity, water chemistry, suspended solids, and temperature together with translocation of organisms are all likely to be important. The limited information available for groundwater schemes indicates that they are not detrimental to invertebrates. Their impact, however, is dependent upon factors such as the extent and timing of flow augmentation. It is suggested that there is scope for positive management of invertebrate communities through river regulation, although at present attitudes and practices do not encourage this. Many gaps in our knowledge still remain and these are discussed in relation to future research needs.     

数控机床进给系统典型故障的分析与探讨

伺服进给系统是数控机床的关键组成部分,对进给系统出现的误差和爬行现象进行了分析与探讨,能够较好地解决实际中出现的同类问题。     

面向不平衡数据流的自适应加权在线超限学习机算法

一般的在线学习算法对不平衡数据流的分类识别会遇到较大困难,特别是当数据流发生概念漂移时,对其进行分类会变得更困难.文中提出面向不平衡数据流的自适应加权在线超限学习机算法,自动调整实时到达的训练样本的惩罚参数,达到在线学习不平衡数据流的目的.文中算法可以适用于不同偏斜程度的静态数据流的在线学习和发生概念漂移时数据流的在线学习.理论分析和在多个真实数据流上的实验表明文中算法的正确性和有效性.     

THE INFLUENCE OF SILANE COUPLING AGENT COMPOSITION ON THE SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBER AND ON FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACIAL SHEAR STRENGTH

It is well known that the fiber-matrix interface in many composites has a profound influence on composite performance. The objective of this study is to understand the influence of composition and concentration of coupling agent on interface strength by coating E-glass fibers with solutions containing a mixture of hydrolyzed propyl trimethoxysilane (PTMS) and γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APS). The failure behavior and strength of the fiber-matrix interface were assessed by the single-fiber fragmentation test (SFFT), while the structure of silane coupling agent was studied in terms of its thickness by ellipsometry, its morphology by atomic force microscopy, its chemical composition by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), and its wettability by contact angle measurement. Deposition of 4.5 ×10 -3 mol/L solution of coupling agent in water resulted in a heterogeneous surface with irregular morphology. The SFFT results suggest that the amount of adhesion between the glass fiber and epoxy is dependent not only on the type of coupling agent but also on the composition of the coupling agent mixture. As the concentration of APS in the mixture increased, the extent of interfacial bonding between the fiber and matrix increased and the mode of failure changed. For the APS coated glass epoxy system, matrix cracks were formed perpendicular to the fiber axis in addition to a sheath of debonded interface region along the fiber axis.     

静压轴承抑制轴心漂移性能的理论研究

在建立静压轴承动态特性模型的基础上，分析、讨论了静压轴承抑制轴心漂移的机理及提高静压轴承性能的措施。