CCE组合抑制剂用于铜锌分离浮选生产实践

CCE组合抑制剂在铜锌分离中对在矿床中被铜离子活化了的锌是一种去活剂,在该药剂作用下同时添加硫酸锌、亚硫酸钠即能使锌矿物在铜锌分离中得到很好地抑制,从而达到铜锌分离的目的.     

State of the art in the validation of screening methods for the control of antibiotic residues: is there a need for further development?

ABSTRACT

Screening methods are used as a first-line approach to detect the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin. The validation process guarantees that the method is fit-for-purpose, suited to regulatory requirements, and provides evidence of its performance. This article is focused on intra-laboratory validation. The first step in validation is characterisation of performance, and the second step is the validation itself with regard to pre-established criteria. The validation approaches can be absolute (a single method) or relative (comparison of methods), overall (combination of several characteristics in one) or criterion-by-criterion. Various approaches to validation, in the form of regulations, guidelines or standards, are presented and discussed to draw conclusions on their potential application for different residue screening methods, and to determine whether or not they reach the same conclusions. The approach by comparison of methods is not suitable for screening methods for antibiotic residues. The overall approaches, such as probability of detection (POD) and accuracy profile, are increasingly used in other fields of application. They may be of interest for screening methods for antibiotic residues. Finally, the criterion-by-criterion approach (Decision 2002/657/EC and of European guideline for the validation of screening methods), usually applied to the screening methods for antibiotic residues, introduced a major characteristic and an improvement in the validation, i.e. the detection capability (CCβ).

In conclusion, screening methods are constantly evolving, thanks to the development of new biosensors or liquid chromatography coupled to tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. There have been clear changes in validation approaches these last 20 years. Continued progress is required and perspectives for future development of guidelines, regulations and standards for validation are presented here.     

香料烟中“溴氰菊酯”的残留降解研究

为了评价“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留降解行为,进行了连续2年“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留田间试验.检测结果表明:①2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油在香料烟叶中的降解符合一级动力学降解模式,其半衰期为5.80 ～ 6.19 d;②施药后15 d残留量在0.0128 mg· kg-1以下,降解率达95％以上;③按600 mL· hm-2喷施2次和3次2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油,15 d后采收,香料烟鲜烟叶中的残留量为＜0.01～ 0.4703 mg· kg -1;④2年的气候条件虽然有差异,但“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留降解行为基本一致.在香料烟的生长过程中,按照推荐用量,在15 d安全间隔期以上,连续3次施用2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油,“溴氰菊酯”的残留量不超过0.05 mg· kg-1.     

Improving the DMFC performance with Ketjen Black EC 300J as the additive in the cathode catalyst layer

Ketjen Black EC 300J with an extremely high mesoporous area and electrical conductivity, was used as an additive in the cathode catalyst layer to improve the DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) performance. Ketjen Black EC 300J and the catalyst ink were characterized by TEM. The cathode catalyst layers were characterized by SEM, in situ cyclic voltammetry and I–V curve measurements. Ketjen Black EC 300J additive increased the dispersion extent of Pt black particles and improved the Pt utilization. In addition, the pore size and porosity was increased when Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the cathode catalyst layer. The cathode catalyst layer with Ketjen Black EC 300J additive showed a greater single cell performance than the cathode catalyst layer without any additive, especially in the air-breathing mode. These results suggested that the performance improvement was attributed to the increased Pt utilization, oxygen diffusion and water removal capability when Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the cathode catalyst layer.     

Optimisation of solar-hydrogen power system for household applications

A numerical method was developed for optimising solar–hydrogen energy system to supply renewable energy for typical household connected with the grid. The considered case study involved household located in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The solar–hydrogen energy system was designed to meet the desired electrical load and increase the renewable energy fraction using optimum fuel cell capacity. The simulation process was conducted by MATLAB based on the experimental data for electrical load, solar radiation and ambient temperature at a 1-min time-step resolution. Results demonstrated that the optimum fuel cell capacity was approximately 2.25 kW at 1.8 kW photovoltaic power system based on the average of the daily energy consumption of 6.8 kWh. The yearly renewable energy fraction increased from 31.82% to 95.82% due to the integration of the photovoltaic system with a 2.25 kW fuel cell used as a robust energy storage unit. In addition, the energy supply, which is the economic aspect for the optimum system, levelised electricity cost by approximately $0.195/kWh. The obtained results showed that the proposed numerical analysis methodology offers a distinctive property that can be used effectively to optimise hybrid renewable energy systems.     

24%乙氰乳油防治小菜蛾

２４％乙氰乳油是有机磷和拟除虫菊醌的二元复配制剂，对小菜蛾共毒系数在２６０以上，对小菜蛾的田间防治效果在８２．５￣９４．３％之间，而其他药剂防效在７．３￣６７．９％之间。