二维近红外光谱定量分析内燃机油粘度指数性能的研究

针对常规近红外光谱技术测试内燃机油性能指标的不足,提出了以电压为外扰方式,获取内燃机油二维近红外光谱的技术。对内燃机油样品进行二维相关光谱分析可以定性分析内燃机油粘度等级。使用来自不同厂家、不同质量等级的35个内燃机油样品建立多维偏最小二乘（N-PLS）模型对内燃机油粘度指数进行了预测研究。结果表明，内燃机油的二维近红外光谱中含有与粘度指数相关的信息，使用N-PLS模型能够实现对内燃机油粘度指数的定量分析。该方法的提出为研究复杂对象性能指标的快速检测提供了一种新的技术手段。     

采用电机丝杆传动的门扇包边机设计

针对列车门扇表面包铝合金或不锈钢面板的需要设计一新型包边机。本设计采用电机丝杆传动来控制凸轮板的移动，使其执行压头能够依次渐压铝板，让包边机在工作的过程中不必一次性把边都包好，而是把需要包的较长的边分成等长的几段，依次包好，大大的改善了包边的质量与效率。     

Effect of some BED blends on the equivalence ratio, exhaust oxygen fraction and water and oil temperature of a diesel engine

Nowadays, natural-based oxygenated fuels, especially biodiesel and ethanol, have been considered as substitutes for fossil fuels. Because of relatively lower energy content of oxygenated fuels, it is necessary to blend them with fossil ones. In this research, authors conducted an investigation on some BED blends to determine and compare their effects on equivalence ratio, exhaust oxygen fraction and water and oil temperature in a diesel engine. For this purpose, 18 different blendes of ethanol and biodiesel with net diesel fuel were tested in a MT4-244 engine¹ considering two engine speeds in full load condition. In almost all samples the equivalence ratio decreased with increasing of biodiesel and ethanol percents. Exhaust oxygen fraction in all of samples increased with increasing of biodiesel and ethanol percents, whereas the engine water and oil temperatures slightly reduced.     

Performance of a combined passive/active solar house

The paper describes a residence designed and built to demonstrate that active and passive solar homes could be economically by conventional home builders. The systems were designed for simplicity and cost effectiveness. The home was built in 56 days with conventional building materials and built by labourers with no particular training in energy efficient building techniques. After one season of operation the energy use data shows impressive performance. The auxiliary fuel requirement for the heating season was only 0.035 MJ/m²°C-day (1.72 Btu/ft²°F-day).

Economically the home is equally impressive. An independent appraiser of the home valued the construction at US $67 500. In reality the home cost US $59 000 including contractor's overhead and profit. Subtracting from this the amount US $4000 for the Federal Solar Tax Credit results in an owner cost of US $55 000.

The project demonstrated that given proper consideration for design, construction techniques, and solar systems integration, a solar structure need not cost more than conventional construction.     

甲醇汽油发展及应用

简要阐述了甲醇汽油研发的必要性、可行性,介绍了其国内外的发展及使用情况。     

大型柴油机罩壳呋喃树脂砂铸造工艺

分析了260柴油机罩壳铸件的结构特点,介绍了呋喃树脂砂的配制工艺、铸件分型面、浇注系统、砂芯设计以及铁液熔炼处理工艺。试制后,得到了符合性能要求的铸件。     

Preparation of the complex metallic oxides additive for naphtha sulfur reduction in FCC

The M/USY/Al2O3/kaolinite sulfur reduction additive systems containing vanadium were prepared by different methods. The influence of the preparation methods, the active constituent forerunners, the vanadium content and the type of molecular sieves on sulfur reduction of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied by a small fixed bed. The results showed that when FCC catalyst was blended with the sulfur reduction additives prepared by the special method at the ratio of 95：5, the relative sulfur reduction rate reached 35% and there was little influence on distribution of the products and quality of the gasoline. The XRD analysis indicated that the Y molecular sieve crystal structure in the additives prepared by the specific method retained integrity.     

Competition,regulation, and pricing behaviour in the Spanish retail gasoline market

The restructuring of the Spanish oil industry produced a highly concentrated oligopoly in the retail gasoline market. In June 1990, the Spanish government introduced a system of ceiling price regulation in order to ensure that “liberalization” was accompanied by adequate consumer protection. By 1998, prices were left to the “free” market. This paper examines the pricing behaviour of the retail gasoline market using multivariate error correction models over the period January 1993 (abolishment of the state monopoly)–December 2004. The results suggest that gasoline retail prices respond symmetrically to increases as well as to decreases in the spot price of gasoline both over the period of price regulation (January 1993–September 1998) and over the period of free market (October 1998–December 2004). However, once the ceiling price regulation was abolished, cooperation emerged between the government and the major operators, Repsol-YPF and Cepsa-Elf, to control the inflation rate. This resulted in a slower rate of adjustment of gasoline retail prices when gasoline spot prices went up, as compared with the European pattern. Finally, the Spanish retail margin was by the end of our timing period of analysis, as in the starting years after the abolishment of the state monopoly, above the European average. This pattern confirms our political economic hypothesis, which suggests that the Spanish government and the oil companies were working together in reducing the inflation, in periods of rising oil and gasoline prices. It is also inferred that explaining the pricing pattern in energy markets may require different hypothesis than the classical perspective, involving just firms taking advantage of market power.     

The investigation of the effect of thermal barrier coating on the performance of Stirling engine

The shuttle heat transfer is one of the reasons reducing the performance of Stirling engines. This study is concerned with the reduction in shuttle heat transfer by coating the displacer. The displacer of a gamma type Stirling engine was coated with a layer of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and the effect of the coating on the engine performance was evaluated by comparing speed‐power and speed‐torque characteristics of the engine with coated and uncoated displacers. Characteristics were obtained for 700, 800 and 900°C heater temperatures. At each stage of the heater temperature, the charge pressure ranged from 1 to 3.5 bars with 0.5 bar increments. At 900°C heater temperature and 3 bars charge pressure, the shaft power before coating was 34.9 W, after coating the power increased to 43.8 W, which corresponds to a 25% increment. The temperature applied to the engine did not cause any damage on the coating layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卡诺热机的最佳热效率与最大功率

引入可逆度系数,讨论了卡诺热机的最佳热效率与功率间的关系。