埃及考姆·奥什姆硅藻土矿选别工艺研究

对原矿进行水中浸泡、擦洗、旋流分级处理，得到的－５μｍ含量占９０％的分级产品经湿式高梯度磁选除去磁性杂质，然后助熔煅烧。最终产品的粒度、化学成分、白度以及诸如折射率、表面积、吸附性等物化性能均满足用于填料、助滤剂、颜料等技术要求。     

Source rock evaluation of Kharita and Bahariya formations in some wells,North Western Desert,Egypt: Visual palynofacies and organic geochemical approaches

Palynofacies analyses were applied on ninety-one samples from the subsurface Albian – Cenomanian succession represented by Kharita and Bahariya formations, encountered in El-Noor, and South Sallum wells, located in the North Western Desert, Egypt, to visually characterize the content of dispersed organic matter, as well as, organic geochemical characterization to reveal the depositional paleoenvironments and source rock potentiality. The result recognized of five palynofacies associations in the studied interval. The deposition of Kharita Formation took place mainly in a steady and a relatively stable deltaic to marginal environment continued as well in the lower part of Bahariya Formation with minor changes. The marine influence became more common in the upper part of Bahariya Formation showing the exceptional high hydrocarbon potential recorded in the studied interval. This indicates marine transgression by the end of the early Cenomanian (Upper Bahariya) age. Samples from the Kharita Formation contain abundant brown phytoclasts which suggest gas-prone kerogen type III and IV. While Bahariya Formation includes translucent, brown cuticles and woody tracheid phytoclasts pointing to more promising gas-prone kerogen type III. The organic geochemical analysis shows poor to fair gas-prone source rock potential within the study section., Thermally, the color of the spore grains in Kharita and Bahariya formations show that dark yellow to orange, indicates immature besides their general little poor hydrocarbon generation potentiality.     

Reservoir characterization utilizing core and wire line logging data for Kareem sandstone,Ashrafi oil Field,Gulf of Suez,Egypt

This study aims to integrate core and wire line logging data for evaluation of Kareem sandstone (Middle Miocene) in Ashrafi Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study has been carried out on seven wells ASHRAFI_A_01_ST, ASHRAFI_A_02_ST, ASHRAFI_H_IX_ST2, ASHRAFI_I_1X_ST, ASHRAFI_K_1X, ASHRAFI_SW_04, ASHRAFI_SW_06, by using wire line logging data and core data. The interpretation of these data has been done by using Interactive Petrophysics software.The Net pay thickness ranges between 17?ft to about 110?ft, porosity varies from 13% to 26%, permeability from 125?mD to about 960?mD, water saturation from 19% to about 50% and shale content from about 18% to about 56%. The interpretation of the Kareem sandstone (core data for ASHRAFI_SW_04 well) indicates that the average core porosity value is about 17% and the average core permeability is about 800?mD, which indicate a suitable reservoir. The porosity increases with the increasing of the permeability and the relationship between them has good correlation coefficient of 0.81 for wire line logging data set and 0.85 for core data set. These relations can be used to determine permeability from porosity for sandstone of Kareem Formation.The new development area for Ashrafi Field can be determined where there are two zones: one in the Middle and the other in South west. Stratigraphic correlation chart shows that, the Kareem Formation thickness varies laterally in Ashrafi field so, the new well location could be determined perfectly. The integration between well logging data and core data are very important tools to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity in the Kareem sandstone and storage capacity properties as well as the zone of interest of productivity and perforation.     

Green buildings for Egypt: a call for an integrated policy

As global warming is on the threshold of each country worldwide, Middle East and North African (MENA) region has already adopted energy efficiency (EE) policies on several consuming sectors. The present paper valuates the impact of temperature increase in the residential building sector of Egypt that is the most integrated example of the 7 out of the 20 MENA countries that have started their green efforts upon building environment. Furthermore, as it is based on a literature research upon socio-economic characteristics, existing building stock, existing legal and institutional framework, it elaborates a quantitative evaluation of Egypt's energy-saving potential, outlining basic constraints upon energy conservation, in order for Egypt to be able to handle the high energy needs due to its warm climate. Last but not least, the paper proposes a policy pathway for the implementation of green building codes and concludes with the best available technologies to promote EE in the Egyptian building sector.     

The use of polycyclic aromatic in the assessment of marine life and the impact on petroleum pollution in the Suez Gulf,Egypt

This study represents the concentrations of 16 PAHs in a commercial aquatic species Sauridaund squamis; Euthynnus affinis; Rhabdosargus haffara; Argyrops Spinifer; Nemipterus Japonicus, Oreochromis Niloticus; Trachurus Indicus; Peneus Japonicas; Scomber Japonicus; and Pomadasys Stridens, which were collected from the coastal area of the Suez Gulf waters. The analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined using HPLC to identify the sources of PAHs. The results revealed that low molecular weight of PAHs were more than high molecular weight in aquatic species, Benzo (a)Anthracene/(Benzo (a) Anthracene?+?Chrysene) BaA/(BaA?+?Chr), Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene/(Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene?+?Benzo (ghi) perylene) IP/(IP?+?BP) and Fluoranthene/Pyrene (Fl/Pyr), they reflected that the PAHs sources in aquatic species are petrogenic as a main sources, pyrogenic sources. The study area was generally contaminated with hydrocarbons and continuous consumption of food from this area may pose public health hazards.     

Photocatalytic study of some synthesized MWCNTs/TiO2 nanocomposites used in the treatment of industrial hazard materials

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by Sol-Gel method using new different ratios of tetrabutyl titanate and functionalized MWCNTs as the starting precursors. The synthesized Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/different titanium dioxide percentages (MWCNTs/3, 6 and 10%TiO₂) nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, SEM and N₂ Adsorption-Desorption techniques. The optical band gap was estimated for MWCNTs and MWCNTs with different TiO₂ percentages by Kubelka-Munk equation giving 3.72, 2.92, 2.83, 2.71 eV values respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites were used as photocatalyst for decontamination of two local textile Dianix Blue and Vat Green 1 Dyes which commonly used in dyeing manufacture in local market.     

让农民积极参与水管理--埃及的实例

提高水管理效率的重要途径之一是让利益主体尽可能多地参与各种水管理活动。本文介绍埃及私有利益主体协会参与水管理的经验。这些私有协会都是1989年以后正式成立的，以支渠或斗渠为单位。由于没有合法的地位，这些以支渠为单位的协会面临着很大的挑战。管理任务转换的先决条件包括：将灌溉水管理实质性地转换到私有协会的决策，公共灌溉机构向私有协会提供技术和制度的支持。支渠协会地位、自治、效力、责任、实用、合法、使命是成功转换的重要保证。     

Factors affecting the bidding behaviour of contractors in Egypt

The financing source was determined to be the most important to the category of contractors included in the study. Other qualitative factors such as nationality of expected competitors were determined as influencing the decision. The factors and their influence on the bid/no bid decision differed between the Egyptian and foreign large size contractors operating in the country.     

Problems Facing Parties Involved in Build, Operate, and Transport Projects in Egypt

One of the newest financial schemes for environmental projects is the Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) concept, which is being used increasingly worldwide as a project delivery system by which governments obtain the infrastructure projects by private sector after a concession period free of charge. In the Egyptian environment up to now, promoters and investors have had many fears toward declared projects. This study aims to investigate the potential for implementing the BOT system in the Egyptian environment. This can be achieved by giving a clear view of BOT and of its problems, risk areas, and features, pertaining to the Egyptian environment, in order to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks as much as possible. The collected data was analyzed based on actual implementation in Egypt. This involved the following: (1) An overview of the critical success factors in order to achieve a BOT project; (2) an analysis of results obtained from questionnaires seeking to determine the possibility of occurrence of the different risk factors in the Egyptian environment, and their ranking; (3) a comparison between the questionnaire results and the actual risks from requests for the proposal of locally advertised projects; and (4) a determination of the missed critical success factors in the Egyptian environment. The main conclusion of this study is that three critical success factors are essential for the success of BOT projects in Egypt: (1) Picking the right project; (2) competitive financial proposal; and (3) special features of bid.     

GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF OIL FAMILIES IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SECTORS OF THE GULF OF SUEZ,EGYPT

The results of geochemical analyses were used to classify ten oil samples from six fields in the central and southern sectors of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The samples were collected from sandstone pay‐zones ranging in age from Early Palaeozoic (Nubia‐C) to Miocene (Kareem Formation) at various present‐day depths. Molecular and stable isotope analyses indicate the presence of two genetic oil families (Families I and II) and suggest their probable source rocks. The biomarker characteristics of Family 1 oils include low Pr/Ph ratio, CPI < 1.0, depleted rearranged steranes, very low diahopane concentrations, high sulphur content, high metal content and V/Ni ratio, low oleanane index, abundance of gammacerane and C₂₇ steranes, and high relative abundance of homohopanes and C₃₀ 24‐n‐propylcholestanes. Source rock deposition took place under anoxic marine‐carbonate and hypersaline conditions. The NCR and NDR 24‐norcholestane ratios together with the presence of highly‐branched isoprenoids in this oil family are consistent with Upper Cretaceous – Lower Paleogene source rocks. These characteristics suggest that the Upper Cretaceous Duwi Formation/Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation are the source rocks for the oils in this family, which occur in the central sector of the Gulf of Suez. Family II oils have geochemical characteristics that point to a mature source rock deposited in a weakly reducing or suboxic setting under normal salinity conditions. Abundant oleananes, high 24‐ to 27‐norcholestane ratios and abundant C₂₅ highly‐branched isoprenoids suggest a Paleogene source rock. The Lower Miocene Rudeis Formation is the best candidate to have generated these oils which occur in the southern sector of the Gulf of Suez.