Filiform corrosion is mainly considered as a cosmetic attack and is undesirable in most applications. The initiation and propagation of the filaments are related to different parameters such as the presence of defects, the permeability of the coating to water and oxygen, the adherence of the paint system and the presence of salts.
The aim of this work is to study the behaviour of painted aluminium samples towards filiform corrosion or delamination. The 6082 Aluminium alloy was selected and the samples were covered with a cataphoretic epoxy primer without lead (PPG Industries France). Prior to the application of the electrocoat, the samples were pre-treated by a commercial Zr/Ti or chromate conversion treatment or simply etched with a commercial acid etching product.
Filiform corrosion was studied by the normalized test (ISO/DIS 4623): painted and scratched samples were inoculated in HCl and exposed in a constant humidity chamber at 40 °C and 82% RH for 3 weeks. After exposure the samples were subjected to a visual and optical microscopic examination.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the sensitivity to filiform corrosion. The operating mode of this test is similar to the normalized one. The samples were scratched before inoculation for 1 h in HCl and then exposed to the humidity chamber for a maximum of 4 days. The samples were tested by EIS in an acidified 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. The resulting impedance spectra were analyzed with an appropriate equivalent electrical circuit which allows the evaluation of the exposed metallic surface area, directly related to the extent of filiform corrosion or delamination. Different parameters were varied: the exposure time in the humidity chamber; the immersion time in the electrolyte sulphate solution as well as its pH and the coating thickness. 相似文献
The d.c. electrical conductivity of sodium vanadate, rubidium vanadate, cesium vanadate and their solid solutions sodium-rubidium
vanadate and sodium-cesium vanadate were studied by a two-probe method in the temperature range covering their transition
points. The electrical conductivity shows sharp change at the phase transition temperature of these materials. In NaVO3, RbVO3 and CsVO3, increase in d.c. conductivity is observed in the ferroelectric region while nonlinearities are observed above transition
temperatures. In solid solutions, the activation energy in the paraelectric state is higher than that in the ferroelectric
state and depends upon sodium concentration. 相似文献
The dehydroalkylation of toluene with ethane to the isomeric ethyltoluenes was studied on 0.4Pt/H-ZSM-5 at varying contact
times (1/WHSV). At a high contact time of 1.0 h, toluene disproportionation and hydrogenolysis reactions dominate, resulting
in low selectivity to the desired ethyltoluenes via the alkylation reaction. However, at a low contact time of 0.12 h side
reactions are eliminated, resulting in maximum selectivities to the kinetically favored ethyltoluenes and hydrogen. Results
at high selectivities to ethyltoluenes provide significant insight into reaction pathways. 相似文献
Neuroimaging experiments have shown that prefrontal regions of the brain, which have the most age-related volume loss, are also the regions most likely to be more active in older adults than in younger adults. In an attempt to solve this puzzle, P. M. Greenwood (see record 2007-15625-001) has proposed a cascade that flows from age-related atrophy in the brain to changed processing strategies that result in plastic changes in regions adjacent and contralateral to the atrophic areas, culminating in greater functional activity. This hypothesis should stimulate research into these mechanisms and hopefully will ultimately inform researchers' ability to rehabilitate cognitive disorders in the elderly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Porous carbon nanofibers are synthesized by CVD method from acetylene with use of iron-containing catalysts. Activation of the nanofibers in melted potassium hydroxide results in increasing surface area from initial 300–400 m2 g−1 to 1700 m2 g−1. As follows from XRD data, activated nanofibers do not contain regular packages of graphene layers, but retain high electric conductivity. Deposition of copper improves electrochemical hydrogen storing characteristics of carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanomaterials obtained can be used as hydrogen storing materials in batteries instead of hydride forming metals. 相似文献
It was hypothesized that exposure to complementary representations of the poor as happier and more honest than the rich would lead to increased support for the status quo. In Study 1, exposure to "poor but happy" and "rich but miserable" stereotype exemplars led people to score higher on a general measure of system justification, compared with people who were exposed to noncomplementary exemplars. Study 2 replicated this effect with "poor but honest" and "rich but dishonest" complementary stereotypes. In Studies 3 and 4, exposure to noncomplementary stereotype exemplars implicitly activated justice concerns, as indicated by faster reaction times to justice-related than neutral words in a lexical decision task. Evidence also suggested that the Protestant work ethic may moderate the effects of stereotype exposure on explicit system justification (but not implicit activation). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献