Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金的热变形行为

采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金在温度为250～450.℃、应变速率为0.002～0.100.s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下, 进行高温压缩模拟实验研究. 分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系, 计算了变形激活能和应力指数, 并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化, 为确定该稀土镁合金的挤压温度提供了实验依据. 结果表明: 合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加, 随温度的升高而降低; 合金的变形激活能在300～400.℃内变化不大, 而在400～450.℃时增加很大; 根据实验分析认为该稀土镁合金挤压温度定在350～400.℃左右为宜; 在350.℃左右顺利挤出的实验合金有很好的力学性能: σb=275.5.MPa, δ=13.5%.     

Cu48Zr4l7块体非晶合金的晶化行为及热力学性能研究

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备出了片状Cu48Zr45Al7,块体非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,样品为完全非晶.利用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)在不同的升温速率下连续加热测得该片状非晶合金的热稳定性参数值,均随着升温速率的增加而增加,表明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均存在显著的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法计算出其玻璃转变温度激活能(Eg)、晶化温度激活能(Ex)和峰值温度激活能(Ep)分别为424.7 kJ·mol-1,326.3 kJ·mol-1和297.1kJ·mol-1.从热力学模型角度出发,对该合金的非晶形成能力进行了分析,计算出其混合焓ΔHchem=-25.55 kJ.mol-1和归一化错配熵So/kB=0.78.结果表明,该块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力(AFA)NI良好的热稳定性.     

Complement-Opsonized Nano-Carriers Are Bound by Dendritic Cells (DC) via Complement Receptor (CR)3, and by B Cell Subpopulations via CR-1/2, and Affect the Activation of DC and B-1 Cells

The development of nanocarriers (NC) for biomedical applications has gained large interest due to their potential to co-deliver drugs in a cell-type-targeting manner. However, depending on their surface characteristics, NC accumulate serum factors, termed protein corona, which may affect their cellular binding. We have previously shown that NC coated with carbohydrates to enable biocompatibility triggered the lectin-dependent complement pathway, resulting in enhanced binding to B cells via complement receptor (CR)1/2. Here we show that such NC also engaged all types of splenic leukocytes known to express CR3 at a high rate when NC were pre-incubated with native mouse serum resulting in complement opsonization. By focusing on dendritic cells (DC) as an important antigen-presenting cell type, we show that CR3 was essential for binding/uptake of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR4, which in mouse is specifically expressed by DC, played no role. Further, a minor B cell subpopulation (B-1), which is important for first-line pathogen responses, and co-expressed CR1/2 and CR3, in general, engaged NC to a much higher extent than normal B cells. Here, we identified CR-1/2 as necessary for binding of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR3 was dispensable. Interestingly, the binding of complement-opsonized NC to both DC and B-1 cells affected the expression of activation markers. Our findings may have important implications for the design of nano-vaccines against infectious diseases, which codeliver pathogen-specific protein antigen and adjuvant, aimed to induce a broad adaptive cellular and humoral immune response by inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kill infected cells and pathogen-neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Decoration of nano-vaccines either with carbohydrates to trigger complement activation in vivo or with active complement may result in concomitant targeting of DC and B cells and thereby may strongly enhance the extent of dual cellular/humoral immune responses.     

细磨活化对白钨矿浸取行为的影响SCIEI

本文研究了细磨活化对白钨矿浸取行为的影响.实验结果表明,细磨活化后白钨矿在HCl-Na_3PO_4介质中的浸出速率显著加快,钨的浸出率由原来的约8％提高到99％以上.红外光谱和X射线分析结果表明,细磨除了使白钨矿比表面积显著增大外,还在固体的表面和内部产生缺陷结构,增加了矿物表面的反应活性,改善了白钨矿的分解,使得白钨矿的浸出能在较低的温度顺利进行。     

Activation of hydrogen storage materials in the Li–Mg–N–H system: Effect on storage properties

We investigate the thermodynamics, kinetics, and capacity of the hydrogen storage reaction: Li₂Mg(NH)₂ + 2H₂  Mg(NH₂)₂ + 2LiH. Starting with LiNH₂ and MgH₂, two distinct procedures have been previously proposed for activating samples to induce the reversible storage reaction. We clarify here the impact of these two activation procedures on the resulting capacity for the Li–Mg–N–H reaction. Additionally, we measure the temperature-dependent kinetic absorption data for this hydrogen storage system. Finally, our experiments confirm the previously reported formation enthalpy (ΔH), hydrogen capacity, and pressure–composition–isotherm (PCI) data, and suggest that this system represents a kinetically (but not thermodynamically) limited system for vehicular on-board storage applications.     

Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite

To realize the utilization of visible light and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutant degradation in wastewater, a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite (N-TiO₂/AC) prepared by sol-gel methods was applied in the photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation (named N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS). The results show that a synergistic effect exists between visible-light photocatalysis and persulfate activation. Compared with TiO₂/PS/VIS, the phenol degradation rate was found to be observably improved by 65% in the N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS system. This significant increase in degradation rate was mainly attributed to the following two factors: 1) The N and C doping can change the crystal structure of TiO₂, which extends the TiO₂ absorption wavelength range to the visible light region. 2) As an electron acceptor, PS can not only prevent electrons and holes from recombining with each other but can also generate strong oxidizing radicals such as ∙SO₄^– and ∙OH to accelerate the reaction dynamics. The process of phenol degradation was found to be consistent with the Langmuir pseudo-first-order kinetic model with an apparent rate constant k of 1.73 min^–1. The N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS process was proven to be a facile method for pollutant degradation with high pH adaptability, excellent visible-light utilization and good application prospects.     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid by cationic arylthiophenes as new eco-friendly inhibitors: Experimental and quantum chemical study

This study describes the adsorption behavior of three arylthiophene derivatives namely: 2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-methoxy phenyl] thiophene dihydrochloride salt (MA-1217), 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-[4-chlorophenyl] thiophene dihydrochloride salt (MA-1316) and 2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-chlorophenyl]thiophene dihydrochloride salt (MA-1312) at C-steel in 1.0 mol·L^-1 HCl interface using experimental and theoretical studies. Electrochemical and mass loss measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency (IE) of the arylthiophene derivatives increases with increasing concentrations and exhibited maximum efficiency 89% at 21×10^-6 mol·L^-1 (MA-1217) by mass loss method. The investigated arylthiophene derivatives obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From polarization studies the arylthiophene derivatives act as mixed-type inhibitors. Surface analysis were carried out and discussed. The mode of orientation and adsorption of inhibitor molecules on C-steel surface was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Quantum chemical parameters as well as the radial distribution function indices and binding energies confirm the experimental results.     

The dynamic evolution of aggregated lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries

Lithium (Li) metal anodes promise an ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low redox potential,thus being the critical energy material for next-generation batteries.Unfortunately,the formation of Li den-drites in Li metal anodes remarkably hinders the practical applications of Li metal anodes.Herein,the dynamic evolution of discrete Li dendrites and aggregated Li dendrites with increasing current densities is visualized by in-situ optical microscopy in conjunction with ex-situ scanning electron microscopy.As revealed by the phase field simulations,the formation of aggregated Li dendrites under high current den-sity is attributed to the locally concentrated electric field rather than the depletion of Li ions.More specif-ically,the locally concentrated electric field stems from the spatial inhomogeneity on the Li metal surface and will be further enhanced with increasing current densities.Adjusting the above two factors with the help of the constructed phase field model is able to regulate the electrodeposited morphology from aggregated Li dendrites to discrete Li dendrites,and ultimately columnar Li morphology.The methodol-ogy and mechanistic understanding established herein give a significant step toward the practical appli-cations of Li metal anodes.     

丁腈橡胶硫化反应动力学研究

设计了促进剂A 4种不同用量的丁腈橡胶配方;基于配方,先利用密炼机将丁腈橡胶、硬脂酸和ZnO混炼,再利用开炼机加入硫黄、促进剂和防老剂,再利用无转子硫化仪分别测试了160℃、170℃和180℃下胶料硫化曲线;基于硫化曲线计算出了每组配方胶料硫化反应速率常数K和活化能Ea。结果表明,在焦烧期时,NBR硫化反应为非一级反应,真正的一级反应开始于硫化速率达到最大时,即tdis;焦烧期后的反应可分为2个阶段且遵循一级动力学反应规律。     

Transcriptomic Profiles of CD47 in Breast Tumors Predict Outcome and Are Associated with Immune Activation

Targeting the innate immune system has attracted attention with the development of anti- CD47 antibodies. Anti-CD47 antibodies block the inhibition of the phagocytic activity of macrophages caused by the up-regulation of CD47 on tumor cells. In this study, public genomic data was used to identify genes highly expressed in breast tumors with elevated CD47 expression and analyzed the association between the presence of tumor immune infiltrates and the expression of the selected genes. We found that 142 genes positively correlated with CD47, of which 83 predicted favorable and 32 detrimental relapse-free survival (RFS). From those associated with favorable RFS, we selected the genes with immunologic biological functions and defined a CD47-immune signature composed of PTPRC, HLA-E, TGFBR2, PTGER4, ETS1, and OPTN. In the basal-like and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes, the expression of the CD47-immune signature predicted favorable outcome, correlated with the presence of tumor immune infiltrates, and with gene expression signatures of T cell activation. Moreover, CD47 up-regulated genes associated with favorable survival correlated with pro-tumoral macrophages. In summary, we described a CD47-immune gene signature composed of 6 genes associated with favorable prognosis, T cell activation, and pro-tumoral macrophages in breast cancer tumors expressing high levels of CD47.