Influence of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Decomposition of BC Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Powders

Pyrolysis of BC dry chemical fire extinguishing powders which are useful for Class “B” and Class “C” fires was conducted on a thermogravimetric analyzer with sample loading of 10–25 mg under dynamic air atmosphere. The effect of particle sizes (medium value 48.99, 27.24, 4.93 µm) and heating rates (10, 15, and 20°C min^?1) were examined. The pyrolysis kinetics of the samples was analyzed using a distribution activation energy model. It was found that the decomposition temperature decreased and the pyrolysis rate increased after the samples were milled. The agglomeration of particles during production did not have an appreciable influence on the pyrolysis process of the samples in our experimental conditions. The activation energy value was 77.13?219.78 kJ · mol^?1, 58.18?288.67 kJ · mol^?1, and 44.59?209.17 kJ · mol^?1 for the powder of particle size 48.99, 27.24, 4.93 µm. We should use micro powder in fire extinguishing.     

Dy~(3+)/Tb~(3+)掺杂高钆镥闪烁玻璃光谱性能

用高温熔融法制备了Dy3+/Tb3+掺杂的高钆镥氟氧化物闪烁玻璃样品,测试分析了其吸收光谱、激发与发射光谱及衰减曲线等。研究了Dy3+和Tb3+离子浓度增加对Tb3+离子发光的影响以及Dy3+离子的浓度猝灭效应;通过IH理论模型分析了Dy3+和Tb3+离子的能量传递方式和能量传递效率。结果表明Dy3+离子对Tb3+离子发光具有敏化作用,随着Dy3+离子浓度增加敏化作用增强,但是当Dy3+离子的浓度达到2%(摩尔分数)以上时,随着Dy3+离子浓度的增加,Tb3+离子的发光强度降低;Dy3+和Tb3+离子的能量传递方式为无辐射能量传递方式,且能量传递效率可以达到60%以上。     

Transport,energy and global climate change

Energy has been remarkably cheap, and the community has come to believe that the supply of energy is completely reliable. The low cost of energy is reflected in the design of transport systems and cities. In the near future, energy is likely to become very expensive and less reliable, and at the same time there is growing concern about the environmental damage created by fossil fuels. This study examines the impact of those changes, and considers how future cities can be redesigned to account for it. It argues that redesign could minimise the role of the private car, and that at the same time cities would become more pleasant and more interesting.     

The impact of horizontal water velocity on the energy consumption of a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant

This study quantifies the impact of the oxidation ditch horizontal water velocity on the energy consumption of a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A WWTP was modelled by means of the ASM2d platform, showing very good correlation with reference operational data. As to reduce the energy requirements of the plant while guarantying the same nutrient removal performance, two approaches were used. A classical aeration control optimization, yielding a 4% energy reduction, was compared with an increase of the oxidation ditch propelling power. The horizontal water velocity in the oxidation ditches was estimated at only 0.15 m/s. By increasing the horizontal water velocity to 0.3 m/s, an 8% energy reduction could be achieved. Moreover, a synergistic effect for classic control optimization and oxidation ditch water velocity optimization resulted in a 14% energy reduction. Energy spent in propelling power counteracts the aeration energy gain derived by an increase in the oxidation ditch horizontal velocity. An optimum in the water velocity was quantified at 0.3 m/s, comparably with its design value.     

CyDER – an FMI-based co-simulation platform for distributed energy resources

The increased integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is bringing a number of challenges to the power grid. These include reverse power flows in distribution systems and potentially transmission systems and grid stability. So far, specialized tools have been developed to capture some of the impact of DERs at the distribution level. However, distribution system operators lack visibility into the overall system conditions. Furthermore, the impact of increasing DERs is not limited to the distribution level but also influences the transmission grid. To support the planning and operation of the grid, we developed a co-simulation platform called CyDER (A Cyber Physical Co-simulation Platform for Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Grids) that integrates various domain-specific simulation tools. CyDER is based on the functional mock-up interface standard. This paper gives an overview of CyDER and demonstrates its use based on two applications.     

关于建筑环境与暖通空调节能的思考

本文主要分析了建筑环境对于建筑暖通空调节能设计的影响,并结合自身的思考分析了如何进行空调节能设计。     

A classification control strategy for energy storage system in microgrid

Storage devices are indispensable elements in a microgrid to compensate for the power imbalance between loads and the distributed generator (DG) output. Different storage strategies give diverse performances in adjustment speed and capacity. Based on the performance of different storage devices and the features of power imbalance curve in different periods, a classification control strategy is proposed in this paper. First, storage devices are given priorities according to the adjusting speed, and the power imbalance curve is divided into two periods according to the changing speed. During an emergency, all the storages are employed to compensate the rapidly increasing power imbalance; during the steady period, storage device with higher priority is employed to track the instantaneous component of power imbalance, while storage device with lower priority is used to replace the kWh output of higher priority storage. The proposed strategy is tested in a microgrid within the subdistribution network of IEEE RBTS Bus6 system using Monte Carlo methods. Simulation results indicate that the classification control strategy could endow the system with fast adjusting ability through coordination between storages. Reliability indices of the testing system are utilized to demonstrate that the classification control strategy could improve the stability of the microgrid and reliability of the distribution network. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analysis and design of a MEMS DC/DC converter

This paper presents the analysis and simulation of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) DC/DC converter based on vibration‐to‐electric energy conversion. The device transfers and accumulates the mechanical energy from ambient vibration via a variable capacitor. After the key parameters of the device are carefully discussed, the dynamics analysis is given based on the differential equation of the system. The approach provided in this paper is very helpful in designing and essentially understanding the MEMS DC/DC converter with high performance. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.