滚动轴承球磨机的应用

分析了球磨机采用滑动轴承存在摩擦阻力大的弊端。采用滚动轴承代替滑动轴承降低了磨机能耗,解决了大负荷下的轴承寿命、轴承密封等问题,磨机配用电动机功率可减少17％～23％。     

论在可持续发展战略思想指导下的工业设计

阐述了可持续发展战略思想的重要意义和实施可持续设计的必要性，明确了工业设计师在整体设计流程中追求的终极目标。     

On the energy-delay trade-off in geographic forwarding in always-on wireless sensor networks: A multi-objective optimization problem

The design and development of multi-hop wireless sensor networks are guided by the specific requirements of their corresponding sensing applications. These requirements can be associated with certain well-defined qualitative and/or quantitative performance metrics, which are application-dependent. The main function of this type of network is to monitor a field of interest using the sensing capability of the sensors, collect the corresponding sensed data, and forward it to a data gathering point, also known as sink. Thus, the longevity of wireless sensor networks requires that the load of data forwarding be balanced among all the sensor nodes so they deplete their battery power (or energy) slowly and uniformly. However, some sensing applications are time-critical in nature. Hence, they should satisfy strict delay constraints so the sink can receive the sensed data originated from the sensors within a specified time bound. Thus, to account for all of these various sensing applications, appropriate data forwarding protocols should be designed to achieve some or all of the following three major goals, namely minimum energy consumption, uniform battery power depletion, and minimum delay. To this end, it is necessary to jointly consider these three goals by formulating a multi-objective optimization problem and solving it. In this paper, we propose a data forwarding protocol that trades off these three goals via slicing the communication range of the sensors into concentric circular bands. In particular, we discuss an approach, called weighted scale-uniform-unit sum, which is used by the source sensors to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Our proposed data forwarding protocol, called Trade-off Energy with Delay (TED), makes use of our solution to this multi-objective optimization problem in order to find a “best” trade-off of minimum energy consumption, uniform battery power depletion, and minimum delay. Then, we present and discuss several numerical results to show the effectiveness of TED. Moreover, we show how to relax several widely used assumptions in order to enhance the practicality of our TED protocol, and extend it to real-world network scenarios. Finally, we evaluate the performance of TED through extensive simulations. We find that TED is near optimal with respect to the energy × delay metric. This simulation study is an essential step to gain more insight into TED before implementing it using a sensor test-bed.     

Thermodynamic analysis and experimental investigation of a unique photoelectrochemical hydrogen production system

In this study, we thermodynamically analyze and experimentally investigate a continuous type hybrid photoelectrochemical H₂ generation reactor. This system enhances solar spectrum use by employing photocatalysis and PV/T. Additionally, by replacing electron donors with electrodes to drive the photocatalysis, the potential of pollutant emissions are minimized. In this study, the present reactor is tested under electrolysis operation during which the present reactor is investigated under three different inlet mass flow rates (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g/s) and four different operating temperatures (20, 40, 60, and 80 °C). Some parametric studies are run by varying the environmental temperature between 0 and 40 °C. In addition, the impact of coating the membrane electrode assembly of the reactor with Cu₂O is investigated. The present results show that the highest energy and exergy efficiencies occur at the environmental temperature of 20 °C which is about 60% and 50%, respectively. The Cu₂O coated membrane gives a lot higher current readings, meaning that the coating makes the membrane more conductive and increases H₂ production by permitting ions at a higher rate.     

The development of MHD cold wall channels in the oil-fired condition

The durability of a cold wall MHD generator consisting of metal electrodes and alumina-coated peg insulators was experimentally examined in the oil-fired MHD condition with the additive of SO₂ corresponding to S = 0.54 wt%. The structure of the electrode wall and various anode and cathode materials were tested, with particular reference to developing long-life electrodes. It was clarified that Pt, SHOMAC (28.8 Cr−1.9 Mo) and SUS-304 as anodes and W---Cu (70 W−30 Cu) and WC---Ag (60 WC−40 Ag) alloys as cathodes were promising for durability and that the structure of an anode divided into two elements connected to each other with an SnO₂ resistor was very useful for uniformity of the anode corrosion pattern and the inter-anode voltages. It is reasonable to expect, from the test results, that the lifetime of a cold wall MHD generator in an oil-fired commercial plant will be over 4000 h, and therefore, a foundation for its commercial use has been established.     

A stochastic model for neutrons simulation considering the spectrum and nuclear properties with continuous dependence of energy

In this work we developed a stochastic model to simulate neutron transport in a heterogeneous medium, considering continuous neutron spectra and the nuclear properties with its continuous dependence on energy. This model was implemented using the Monte Carlo method for the propagation of neutrons in different media. Due to restrictions with respect to the number of neutrons that can be simulated in reasonable computational time we introduced a variable control volume together with (pseudo-) periodic boundary conditions in order to overcome this problem. This study allowed a detailed analysis of the influence of energy on the neutron population and its impact on the life cycle of neutrons. From the results, even for a simple geometrical arrangement, we can conclude that there is need to consider the energy dependence and hence defined a spectral effective multiplication factor per Monte Carlo step.     

无线传感器网络的能量估计路由算法

传统LEACH路由算法因忽略了节点和整个网络的当前剩余能量而容易造成节点过早死亡,而引入能量阈值的改进算法忽略了网络的能量状态的获取方法,往往只能通过高耗能的广播方式得到能量阈值,在实际应用中有很大缺陷.为了避免以高能耗获取能量阈值,提出了一种能量估计路由算法,提前根据所要建立的网络模型结构对节点中的工作参数进行设置,自动根据估计算法计算网络能量,并对分簇数量进行优化,大大降低能量信息获取能耗,延长网络寿命.通过三维建模仿真结果表明,相对于LEACH和引入能量阈值的LEACH改进算法,能更有效地延长网络寿命.     

寒冷地区某既有办公建筑围护结构优化改造研究

既有公共建筑能耗中,围护结构节能潜力巨大。以兰州某既有办公建筑为例,采用DeST-C软件模拟围护结构不同材料厚度、窗型,得出系列负荷,通过对数据分析、比较,得出如下结论:外墙外保温适宜材料为50mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为45.66%;屋面适宜保温材料为65mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为4.25%;外窗各个朝向全部更换玻璃,推荐选用内张膜中空玻璃(双膜),最大热负荷节能率为7.36%;单独更换南向外窗材料,推荐选用真空镀膜复合中空玻璃,最大热负荷节能率为1.78%。     

注入低能重离子在模拟细胞中的能量沉积

用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ法模拟计算了３０ｋｅＶ和２００ｋｅＶ的Ｎ＾＋与１１０ｋｅＶ的Ｆｅ＾＋模拟细胞中本身及级联离子非弹性散射产生的电子，分子振动的能量沉积；讨论了电子分子振动的总能量沉积的深度分布。     

相变储能建筑材料的应用研究

随着人们对工作与居住环境要求的提高以及环保意识的增强,对建筑材料的要求也日益提高,多功能化、智能化已成为建筑材料发展的必然趋势。相变储能建筑材料就是为满足这种要求而开发的,它是相变材料与建材基体复合制备的一种新型储能建筑材料,具有储能密度大、效率高以及近似恒定温度下吸热与放热等优点,可用于储能和温度控制。本文主要介绍了相变储能建筑材料的特点、研究现状以及形成工艺等,并对其发展进行了展望。