现代生物技术在食品包装中的应用现状及发展前景

对现代生物技术在食品包装中的应用作了论述,重点对生物酶工程、基因工程和生物信息技术在食品包装中的应用作了实例分析,同时对现代生物技术在食品包装中的应用前景进行展望。     

棉织物酶氧退煮漂一浴工艺研究

将净棉酶GX-1用于棉织物酶氧退煮漂-浴法工艺。在通过单因素试验和正交试验获取最优工艺的基础上,探讨尿素对棉织物前处理效果的影响,同时对比不同前处理工艺对染色效果的影响。试验结果表明：棉织物酶氧-浴最佳工艺条件为：净棉酶4．5g／L,双氧水12mL／L,温度95℃,处理时间60min,pH值10～10．5,浴比1：30;经净棉酶处理后棉织物的白度和毛效优于碱氧退煮漂-浴法工艺,而且织物的强力损失少;在棉织物酶氧-浴法工艺中添加尿素,有助于提高织物白度、毛效,并能减小强力的损失。     

羊毛针织物起球机制与抗起球整理方法

阐述了羊毛针织物起毛起球的现象,并从纤维的结构与特性、纱线结构、织物组织结构等方面分析了羊毛针织物起毛起球的原因。介绍了目前羊毛针织物抗起毛起球整理的方法,包括减量法、树脂法以及新型整理技术等。指出了降低羊毛定向摩擦系数有助于提高抗起毛起球等级,适度降低纤维的力学性能有利于织物起毛起球现象的改善;生物酶法是最具有研究和应用价值的加工技术,但需要与其他加工方式联用才能获得较好的抗起毛起球效果。     

发酵大豆食品中染料木素含量的ELISA测定

染料木素是大豆发酵食品中的主要异黄酮成分。制备了牛血清白蛋白-染料木素免疫抗原和卵白蛋白-染料木素包被抗原,并对它们进行紫外和SDS-聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定。抗染料木素抗体的效价为1:1600。建立竞争ELISA测定发酵大豆制品中染料木素含量方法,染料木素测定浓度范围为6.25～150μg/L;回收率为87%～102%;亲和常数为1.62×108;与大豆甙元、芒柄花素的交叉反应率分别为9.8%、4.57%;与槲皮素、儿茶素、单宁和核黄素等结构类似物无交叉反应。同时将ELISA法与薄层层析法进行比较。     

Comparison of high pressure treatment and thermal pasteurization effects on the quality and shelf life of guava puree

The effects of high pressures and thermal pasteurization on the survival of microorganisms, enzyme inactivation and quality changes of guava puree during storage at 4°C were investigated and compared with untreated samples. After treatment at a pressure of 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min, the microorganisms in guava puree were inactivated to less than 10 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product exhibited no change in colour, pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid content as compared with fresh samples. The inactivation of enzymes in guava puree by thermal pasteurization was greater than by high pressures. The microbial count in guava puree reduced to 200 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product showed marked changes in viscosity, turbidity and colour when heated at 88–90°C for 24s. The content of pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid as well as colour in untreated and high pressurized (400MPa) guava puree gradually decreased, whereas these changes were not observed in pasteurized (88–90°C) and high pressurized (6000MPa) puree during storage at 4°C for 60 days. The guava puree treated at 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min retained good quality similar to the freshly extracted puree after storage at 4°C for 40 days.     

液体碱性脂肪酶稳定性的化学动力学研究

从多方面考察了碱性有肪酶超滤浓缩液的稳定性，推导出液体碱性脂肪酶失活动力学方程，得到了液体碱脂肪酶的失活级数为１．３６级。     

Hypotensive effect of a sweetpotato protein digest in spontaneously hypertensive rats and purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides

We have investigated angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in an enzyme digest of sweetpotato protein, the antihypertensive effect of the digest in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and the identification of an ACE inhibitory peptide. Protein was prepared from squeezed juice of sweetpotato by isoelectric focusing precipitation. Three kinds of proteases were selected for effective protein digestion. The digest, sweetpotato peptide (SPP), exhibited strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 18.2 μg/ml). SPP was orally administered by gavage to SHR at a dose of 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg. The systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure were measured at 0 (before administration), 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after administration. A dose-dependent decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR was observed after oral administration of SPP. Significant differences between SPP-administered rats and control rats were observed 4 and 8 h after administration in the 500 mg/kg-administered group and 8 h after administration in the 100 mg/kg-administered group. Diastolic blood pressure also decreased in the SPP-administered groups, although the difference between SPP-administered rats and control rats was not significant. These results suggest that SPP may be useful in the prevention or treatment of hypertension. Peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were purified from SPP by absorption chromatography and preparative HPLC using an ODS column. The amino acid sequences of isolated peptides were I-T-P, I-I-P, G-Q-Y and S-T-Y-Q-T; their ACE inhibitory activities (IC₅₀) were 9.5 μM, 80.8 μM, 52.3 μM and 300.4 μM, respectively. In conclusion, I-T-P is a novel, strong ACE inhibitory peptide.     

细菌型豆豉激酶对小鼠尾静脉血栓模型的保护作用研究

在小白鼠腰背部皮下注射1%角叉菜胶溶液诱发小鼠尾静脉血栓,通过饲喂不同剂量的细菌型豆豉激酶来研究其在动物体内的溶栓作用。实验结果发现,豆豉激酶对角叉菜胶造成的小鼠血栓形成呈现一定的剂量效应趋势,随着灌胃剂量的增大,血栓形成相对长度减小。这说明豆豉激酶对血栓形成具有预防作用。     

酶制剂在肉类嫩化增味中的作用及提取方法

肉嫩、肉香是肉制品加工过程中追求的目标,如何来嫩化、增香,本文主要介绍酶制剂在肉品加工中对肉类嫩化增味的几种方法。同时介绍了酶制剂的几种提取方法。     

降解烟碱微生物的筛选及其酶在烟草中的应用

从昆明卷烟厂附近的土壤中筛选出一株具有高效降解烟碱能力的细菌。该细菌在以烟碱为惟一的碳源和氮源的培养基中能生长良好,在液体培养基中培养(发酵)78h,培养基中的烟碱分解80%以上,且发酵期间培养液呈现颜色变化:无色、蓝色、深蓝色、黑色和褐色。根据生态特征和生理生化分析结果,初步鉴定该菌为节细菌属。在100g烟丝中分别加入2mL该菌酶液(酶蛋白浓度10.15mg/mL)和菌液(109个/mL),各培养2和7d,其烟碱降低了15.2%和22.1%。