基于静力测试的三维曲面结构测点优化配置

传感器测点优化配置在结构健康监测系统中具有重要作用。针对结构健康监测中静力作用下三维曲面结构变形状况进行了研究,提出了三维曲面结构的测点优化配置方法。首先,对三维曲面结构进行测点组合选取,根据已知测点的响应值采用三维超曲面样条函数插值估计未布置测点的响应值,然后建立适应度函数,对未布置测点的估计值与实际值的误差进行判定,最后通过二重结构编码遗传算法对测点组合进行优化,选取适应度函数值最小的测点配置方案,从而实现了传感器测点优化配置的目的。应用该方法对简支的圆柱壳弯曲变形进行了测点优化配置,得到的适应度函数值最小的测点配置方案中,未布置测点的估计值与实际值的误差为1.10％,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于熵和PSO优化SVM的肌电信号跌倒识别

跌倒对老年人的健康构成严重危害,设计了一种基于肌电信号的跌倒识别方法,可用于跌倒检测报警。该方法首先对表面肌电动作信号进行小波包分解,再依据信号特征选取信号的低频分量并重构,计算其排列组合熵,最后以4路肌电信号对应的排列组合熵组成的特征向量输入SVM进行模式识别并采用粒子群算法对SVM中惩罚参数c和核函数参数g进行优化,对8种动作进行识别实验,跌倒识别率88%,特异度98.3%,平均识别率97.0%,优于网格法和遗传算法支持向量机（GA-SVM）的参数优化,具有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

多无人艇联合攻击任务规划模型仿真

多水面无人舰艇之间的攻击任务规划是保证无人舰艇顺利高效完成攻击任务.多无人舰艇在执行联合攻击任务时,需要考虑到环境因素、不同任务的复杂度与各种复杂攻击任务执行能力等多方面的约束因素.传统的攻击任务调度模型在处理上述问题时,没有考虑攻击任务外界与内部的约束条件,只是将复杂的攻击任务简单地分解为个体的叠加,在任务执行过程中不仅达不到提高任务执行效率的目的,还会由于缺乏相应的协同规划机制陷入混乱状态.提出一种多无人艇联合攻击任务规划模型.根据水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务规划问题的多约束性,建立任务规划模型,引入代价函数,运用改进的生物地理粒子群优化算法对任务分配问题进行求解,避免了生物地理优化算法容易陷入局部最优和粒子群算法解多约束离散问题时的不稳定性.进行仿真的结果表明,所提出算法有效解决了多水面无人舰艇之间的攻击任务规划问题.     

多物理场耦合界面数据传递的仿真研究

高超声速飞行器的系统仿真是一个气动流场、结构应力场以及结构温度场的高度耦合过程,仿真过程中,需要在耦合界面上完成数据的迭代交换,传递的内容主要包括位移、速度、压力、温度等耦合数据,主要作用就是完成各个耦合场的方程之间参数的传递,在统一的仿真时间内实现仿真的迭代.耦合界面数据传递的技术难点在于要保证耦合界面处的总功守恒以及多物理场耦合仿真的精度[1].目前大多采用以插值为主的局部数据传递方法针对二元耦合开展研究与应用[1,3],局部插值的缺点在于全局精度偏低,偏差较大,计算速度不高.采用径向基函数法(RBF),对界面数据交换方法的仿真应用进行了研究,验证结果表明,计算精度满足仿真要求,求解方程的速度较快,工程应用效果较好.     

Adaptive output feedback tracking control of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties

In this paper, adaptive output feedback tracking control is developed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties and unmeasured states. Neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. K‐filters are designed to estimate the unmeasured states. An available dynamic signal is introduced to dominate the unmodeled dynamics. By combining dynamic surface control technique with backstepping, the condition in which the approximation error is assumed to be bounded is avoided. Using It ô formula and Chebyshev's inequality, it is shown that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability, and the error signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four‐moment. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A modified dynamic surface approach for control of nonlinear systems with unknown input dead zone

This paper focuses on the robust output precise tracking control problem of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure‐feedback form with unknown input dead zone. By designing an extended state observer, the states unmeasurable problem in traditional feedback control is solved, and the lumped uncertainty, which is caused by system unknown functions and input dead zone, is estimated. In order to apply separation principle, finite‐time extended state observer is designed to obtain system states and estimate the lumped uncertainty. Then, by introducing tracking differentiator, a modified dynamic surface control approach is developed to eliminate the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem and guarantee the tracking performance of system output. Because tracking differentiator is a fast precise signal filter, the closed‐loop control performance is significantly improved when it is used in dynamic surface control instead of first‐order filters. The L _∞ stability of the whole closed‐loop system, which guarantees both the transient and steady‐state performance, is shown by the Lyapunov method and initialization technique. Numerical and experiment examples are performed to illustrate our proposed control scheme with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sparkle measurement revisited: A closer look at the details

Four years after introduction of the first instrument for measurement of sparkle, the foundations have been reconsidered, and the pool of practical experience has been analyzed to provide a more detailed and complete picture of the subject matter. The following aspects are introduced and discussed: observation conditions and resulting requirements for imaging (sampling) and filtering, analysis of spatial periods and frequencies as a basis for filtering, spatial filtering concepts, sparkle in the frequency domain, sparkle evaluation based on analysis of single images and difference images, origins of unwanted sparkle components, scaling and offset in sparkle evaluation, and verification of the method.     

Morlet 小波在地表物候遥感识别中尺度的选取与应用

地表物候是人类了解地球生态系统的必要参数,也是动植物保护、农耕等活动的重要依据。使用遥感数据进行地表物候提取为大尺度的地表物候变化监测提供了一种有效途径。研究发现目前应用最广泛的非对称性高斯函数拟合法和双 Logistic 函数拟合法存在一定的缺陷,尤其是在提取 NDVI 峰值谷值和物候周期不明显区域 (如干旱地区、沙地) 的物候参数时存在严重的误差,而 morlet 小波在分析地表年际变化的周期特征方面表现良好。本文使用 morlet 小波对青海湖流域 2003-2014 年的 MODIS 数据进行分析,得到地表物候在该时间段内的年度变化与趋势,进行不同区域、不同时间的差异性分析,发现青海湖流域的地表物候期整体都略有提前,但生长季的长度呈延长趋势,认为青海湖流域的地表物候整体上响应全球变暖的趋势。中部地区的生长季长度大于高海拔、高纬度区域和沙地区域,认为青海湖流域的中部地区是最适合动植物生长、活动的范围。     

某混凝土双曲拱坝建基面选择研究

拱坝建基面选择主要决定于坝基岩体的承载力和滑动稳定性。本工程基岩裸露,岩体呈整体块状结构,强度高,但坝基范围内岩体岩性不一致,导致基岩强度不同。根据地形地质条件,对拱坝建基面的可利用岩体进行多方案论证研究,同时对坝体应力、坝肩稳定、整体稳定等进行大量分析及模型试验,最终确定合理经济的坝体建基面。     

流域水文模型在临界雨量分析中的应用研究

为提高无资料地区临界雨量分析结果的精确度,采用双曲正切产流模型和单位线流域汇流模型,结合山西省清凉寺沟流域水文下垫面产汇流模型参数,对实测暴雨洪水进行了模拟分析。结果表明:径流深及洪峰流量的合格率均为75%,参数是合理、可靠的,据此得出了该流域不同流量级时的临界雨量。