Integrated design approach for advanced aerospace vehicles

Advanced aerospace vehicle design requires special design features that should meet the mission requirements of high payload to weight ratio in the case of space launchers and low radar cross-section for specific missiles/aircraft. The conventional design packages used are discussed in relation to their constraints. An interactive integrated design approach to eliminate the constraints imposed by individual design modules through interface design modules is discussed. Typical examples of such interface design modules are given. Also, a computer network necessary for an interactive integrated design approach interfacing the mainframe with a computer-aided design and drafting system and parallel processing is presented. This note has been prepared based on detailed discussions with designers in various areas of technology.     

A decision-making approach to psychological assessment in the clinic.

The use of efficiency or payoff matrix in determining selection of treatment is brought to the attention of clinical psychologists. It is pointed out that a quantitative method for reaching decisions is essential where alternative treatments are available and outcomes are uncertain. The matrix approach demonstrates the necessity for the decision-maker to have information which is not normally available at present. The approach suggests an expansion of the role of the clinical psychologist as diagnostician to include elements of operations research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Psychotherapy and Personality Change.

Reviews the book, Psychotherapy and Personality Change by Carl R. Rogers and Rosalind F. Dymond (eds.) (1954). This volume, with twelve authors, edited by Carl Rogers and Rosalind Dymond, constitutes essentially a progress report on the large-scale research program in psychotherapy which has been under way at the Counseling Center of the University of Chicago for more than four years. It presents findings to date on outcomes and process of the client-centered or nondirective approach to psychotherapy. The book is divided into four parts, Part I presenting the context and the basic design of the research, Part II describing a series of separate investigations bearing on the various hypotheses, and Part III giving what the authors call an "objective analysis" of the therapy of two single cases, one "successful" and the other "unsuccessful," and attempting to relate each of them to the findings of the major studies reported in Part II. Part IV is called an "Overview" and poses many stiff questions for the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationships Between Anthropology and Psychology in Field Work.

Comments on Psychological Research in Nonliterate Societies (1957) by Doob. Doob's article certainly is a sign of, and a contribution towards, the awakening of psychology to the theoretical and empirical advantages of doing field work among nonliterates. The commenters greatly admire the general aim of the paper but feel that a few of the specifics require some elaboration. For example, in discussing the liaison between anthropology and psychology, Doob states that the psychological field worker has two alternatives: to use an anthropologist as a "mentor or valet" while in the field or to become an anthropologist himself. The first alternative raises some serious questions and the commenters discuss them. Another question to consider is, what can the anthropologist offer the psychologist other than giving practical help and such services as "advice concerning equipment"? As Doob points out, the lone psychologist can aim at testing and cross-validating hypotheses established in American laboratories in the nonliterate cultures using the nonliterate field situation as his laboratory for cross-validation. However, other cultures (nonliterate as well as literate) can serve another major function with respect to the formulation and testing of hypotheses. The nonliterate culture can itself be an ideal locale for the development and testing of new and basic hypotheses about human behavior. The commenters also focus attention on a type of liaison not mentioned by Doob at all, the interdisciplinary team approach in field work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An evaluation of two approaches to discipline in industry.

A case involving clear-cut violation of a no-smoking rule, with a clearly defined penalty, was role-played by groups of industrial supervisors acting as foreman, union steward, and worker. After role-playing, 52% of the foremen altered their decisions and reached "adjusted" decisions (human relations approach); 35% persisted in following the rule (judicial approach); 13% failed to settle the matter in the time allowed. The human relations approach was more successful than the judicial in that the participants were better satisfied. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

半矢量模式求解在光波导弯曲损耗计算中的应用

以柱坐标下的半矢量波动方程为基础,采用基于完美匹配层(PML)边界条件的有限差分方法,对弯曲波导进行模式求解,进而得到波导弯曲引起的辐射损耗.基于计算得到的直弯波导的模场分布,采用二维重叠积分法计算了两者连接时的过渡损耗.计算结果与已有实验结果符合较好.采用该方法,研究了SOI脊型波导的弯曲损耗与波导结构参数之间的关系,并对直弯波导的连接进行了优化.     

A multi-level systems approach for the development of tools, equipment and work processes for the construction industry

Ergonomics is a key issue in the construction industry. Many work tasks and associated equipment and tools are not designed with ergonomics principles in mind. Often, in the development of power tools for construction, any attention to ergonomics is restricted to the human-machine interface and handle design. The need for ergonomics intervention in the development process originates from considerations of safety, health, physical work load, and productivity. It is argued that in each of these respects, the construction industry has lower standards than other industries and therefore has a need and opportunity for improvement. A multi-level ergonomics approach is proposed addressing these issues. The approach defines five levels of ergonomics intervention, from designing individual tools for safety, to designing wider aspects of construction and work flow for optimal productivity. This holistic approach is illustrated using case study examples of the development of power tools and work methods.     

Toward the experimental control of dreaming: A review of the literature.

Reviews those scattered studies which attempt to control & empirically evaluate nocturnal dreaming. It may be possible to develop a functional experimental approach in which dreams become more immediate and observable aspects of behavior, rather than only memories. (96 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高职院校乒乓球选项课"自主式"教学法的实验研究

根据学生及乒乓球教学的特点,在教学中设计了“自主式教学法”,并通过实验进行对比研究,结果证明了“自主式”教学法比传统教学法更有利于高职院校乒乓球选项课的教学,对促进学生个性发展、提高学习兴趣、培养学生的主体意识和创新能力也起到积极的作用。     

Linear mass balance equilibration: a new approach for an old problem

Interval analyses are well known in the mathematics literature but have found few applications in control engineering. Based on the interval concept, we present here a methodology for data reconciliation and mass balance equilibration which is a very classical problem in mineral and chemical engineering. Indeed, this problem is solved with the view of inequality constraints which allows us to represent measurements by interval without particular knowledge and hypothesis about the density probability function of the measurement errors. As a main result, the paper gives a set of solutions for the reconciled data under an interval form and not only one solution as is the case with classical approaches.