不同搅混翼定位格架5x5棒束通道内流动与传热特性数值研究

建立了一组不同搅混格架的5×5棒束通道数值计算模型,以压降值、轴向及周向Nu分布为参考,将数值计算结果与文献中实验结果进行了对比验证,均取得了良好的吻合度。对两种具有不同形状搅混翼的棒束通道进行了数值模拟,比较分析了其流动及传热特性;通过引入三个无量纲因子：涡流搅混因子、交叉流搅混因子以及湍流强度因子,对其搅混作用进行了进一步的评价和比较。     

Fractal characteristic of three Chinese coals

Experimental and theoretical investigation about coal/char structure is presented. Surface structures of parent coal and char with different burn-off ratios were analyzed. We introduced the fractal theory into Scanning Electron Microscopy image analysis and utilize the particle surface fractal dimension (D_ps) to quantitatively describe the surface character of coal/char particles. D_ps of three Chinese coals reach their maximum in the 35-45 wt% char burn-off interval and then decrease with increasing carbon burn-off ratio. The inner-pore information of coal/char particles was determined by N₂ isotherm adsorption/desorption. Using fractal BET model, internal surface fractal dimension (D_s) of coal/char particles was calculated. The D_s change trend of three Chinese coals is similar to their S_BET development. It means the D_s can quantitatively describe the inner pore structure character of coal/char particles.     

优化方法在变电站接地网中的应用

在不等电位数学模型下,以网内最大接触电压差为目标函数,用接地网工频参数计算软件得到了一种均匀土壤结构下接地网导体最优布置方案。优化结果与DL／T621—1997中给出的接地网不等间距布置相比较,故障电流入地点处导体得到了充分利用,减小了边缘导体泄漏电流,改善了土壤表面的电位分布。明显提高接地系统的安全性。     

非线性裂纹转子的分形分析

首先介绍了分形的基本概念,给出了机械振动信号主要应用的分析方法。然后研究了非线性裂纹转子的弯曲振动特性,给出了进入倍周期分叉后裂纹转子的时域特性和频域特性。最后对裂纹转子特性进行分形分析,发现并定义了裂纹转子在进入分叉以前轴心轨迹随裂纹角变化的分形特性,并发现裂纹转子在进入混沌前与进入混沌以后具有相似的分形特性;发现了裂纹转子带噪声信号具有两个分维数（二重分形）的复杂特性。     

分形理论在材料表界面研究中的应用现状及展望

概述了分形及分形维数的基本概念，介绍了分形理论在材料表面、界面研究领域内的应用现状，并展望了分形理论在涂层与基体金属界面结合强度研究中的应用。     

Sensor fusion by pseudo information measure: a mobile robot application

In any autonomous mobile robot, one of the most important issues to be designed and implemented is environment perception. In this paper, a new approach is formulated in order to perform sensory data integration for generation of an occupancy grid map of the environment. This method is an extended version of the Bayesian fusion method for independent sources of information. The performance of the proposed method of fusion and its sensitivity are discussed. Map building simulation for a cylindrical robot with eight ultrasonic sensors and mapping implementation for a Khepera robot have been separately tried in simulation and experimental works. A new neural structure is introduced for conversion of proximity data that are given by Khepera IR sensors to occupancy probabilities. Path planning experiments have also been applied to the resulting maps. For each map, two factors are considered and calculated: the fitness and the augmented occupancy of the map with respect to the ideal map. The length and the least distance to obstacles were the other two factors that were calculated for the routes that are resulted by path planning experiments. Experimental and simulation results show that by using the new fusion formulas, more informative maps of the environment are obtained. By these maps more appropriate routes could be achieved. Actually, there is a tradeoff between the length of the resulting routes and their safety and by choosing the proper fusion function, this tradeoff is suitably tuned for different map building applications.     

基于微观结构分形表征的钼-氧化锆材料导电导热性能研究

金属陶瓷物理性能与材料组分和空间组织结构密切相关,其组成相的形态分布具有分形特征。基于渗流理论和分形理论,通过对材料微观结构图像的二值化处理进行导通相分形维数计算,建立分形维数与导通相微观形貌、渗流临界指数之间的定量表征,研究Mo-ZrO2金属陶瓷全组分范围内材料微观结构与电导率和热导率之间的关系。结果表明：导通相面积分形维数随着Mo体积分数的增加而增加,电导率与分形维数遵循渗流转变特征。采用通用有效介质(GEM)方程建立基于导通相分形维数的金属陶瓷电导率和热导率模型,实现材料微观组织定量分析结果与金属陶瓷的渗流模型相结合,有效预测材料宏观物理性质的梯度变化。     

μCT技术研究煤的孔隙结构和分形特征

煤的孔隙结构是影响煤中气体吸附和渗流的一个重要因素。从实现精细化、无损化和定量化入手,应用μCT 225kVFCB型高精度CT试验分析系统,通过显微CT切片,提取研究了4个煤样孔隙分布特征,讨论了煤级、煤显微组分和灰分对煤孔隙结构的影响程度。采用公约数网格序列盒维数法定量表征了孔隙结构的复杂程度和不规则性,探讨了孔隙率、渗透率和分形维数的关系。研究表明,研究煤样的孔隙分布总体受煤显微组分含量控制,同时煤中矿物充填作用在一定程度上降低了煤的孔隙率、平均孔径和孔隙数量。煤孔隙分形维数D的变化与孔隙分布特征密切相关,有效地反映了孔隙结构的非均质性。孔隙率、渗透率与分形维数呈现显著的幂指数正相关关系。由此指示,基于显微CT切片的煤孔隙分形维数可作为煤储层孔隙特征和渗透性评价的定量指标之一。     

地下厂房围岩变形的分形特性研究

依据地下厂房围岩各点位移在时域上的变化特征,剖析了围岩各点变形的分形特性,探讨了分形维数的变化规律与趋势。研究发现,仪器各测点的位移时域曲线分形维数的极大值均出现在被裂缝穿越的厂(横)0+115.60断面上,究其原因,是该断面相对其他部位存在更多引发围岩变形的因素,导致所测位移时间曲线的不规则程度增大,使其存在更多精细结构,因而量测出的维数将更大。位移时间曲线维数达到极大值极有可能是仪器埋设处围岩开裂的迹象与先兆,这可作为围岩开裂与否的判据。     

分形维数与铣削参数的模型关联及验证

基于工程粗糙表面的微观形貌具有统计自相似分形特征,将分形几何学运用于金属材料表面形貌研究。粗糙表面的分形参数与加工条件密切相关。铣削加工过程中,切削参数会影响表面分形维数和表面粗糙度,考察了分形维数和传统表面粗糙度参数之间的关系,分别建立铣削参数与表面分形维数和表面粗糙度之间关系模型,并采用实验进行验证。实验结果表明,铣削加工表面具有分形特征;铣削表面分形维数D基本不随切削速度增加而变化,但表面粗糙度Ra会随切削速度的增加而减小;表面粗糙度与加工进给量成正相关,分形维数先增大后减小,并存在临界点;分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra呈幂指数关系;所建立模型合理。相关研究结果可以为提高工程表面的使用性能及降低成本提供参考。