葛洲坝下游江心堤对中华鲟产卵场河道动能梯度影响

利用Delft3D软件的FLOW模块研究了葛洲坝下游修建江心堤前后对中华鲟新产卵区处的水流结构及其动力学特征,模拟分析了江心堤对产卵场处河道流速、动能梯度及动能梯度增率的影响.结果表明,河势调整对产卵区有负面影响.     

Estimation of Heat Flux and Thermal Stresses in Functionally Graded Hollow Circular Cylinders

In this study, an inverse algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method and the discrepancy principle is applied to estimate the unknown time-dependent heat flux at the inner surface of a functionally graded hollow circular cylinder from the knowledge of temperature measurements taken within the cylinder. Subsequently, the distributions of temperature and thermal stresses in the cylinder can be determined as well. It is assumed that no prior information is available on the functional form of the unknown heat flux; hence the procedure is classified as the function estimation in inverse calculation. The temperature data obtained from the direct problem are used to simulate the temperature measurements, and the effect of the errors in these measurements upon the precision of the estimated results is also considered. Results show that an excellent estimation on the time-dependent heat flux, temperature distributions, and thermal stresses can be obtained for the test case considered in this study.     

Effect of the micro porous layer design on the dynamic performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The mass transport characteristics of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) predominantly affect the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. However, studies examining the transient response related to the GDL are insufficient, although the dynamic behavior of a PEM fuel cell is an important issue. In this study, the effects of the design of a micro porous layer (MPL) on the transient response of a PEM fuel cell are investigated. The MPL slurry density and multiple functional layers are treated as the variable design parameter. The results show that the transient response is determined by the capillary pressure gradient through the GDL. The trade-off relation for the PEM fuel cell performance under low and high humidity conditions due to the hydrophobic GDL is mitigated by designing a reverse capillary pressure gradient in the MPL.     

基于广义Leontief函数的峰谷分时电价用户响应研究

基于广义Leontief函数建立了电价替代弹性模型,利用峰谷分时电价用户历史数据求解不同高峰时段电价替代弹性,并进一步分析了替代弹性和高峰时段时长与划分的关系。结果表明,高峰时段较短时替代弹性较大,说明用户对电价响应较好,随着高峰时段的延长,替代弹性下降比较明显,实例亦验证了替代弹性与高峰时段划分的相关性。     

Ti-ZrO2系梯度材料的制备与显微结构研究

采用粉末冶金法热压合成了Ｔｉ－ＺｒＯ２系梯度功能材料,用有限元法模拟了设计材料的残余热应力分布。利用扫描电镜、电子探针,透射电镜和Ｘ射线衍射等手段,对Ｔｉ－ＺｒＯ２系梯度材料组成相的分布形态、相组成以及组元之间的界面结构状态等进行了详细的研究,结果表明：合成的材料具有宏观组织不均匀性与微观组织连续性的特征,Ｔｉ－ＺｒＯ２系梯度材料由α－Ｔｉ四方相ＺｒＯ２和单斜相ＺｒＯ２组成,合成条件下组元Ｔｉ和Ｚ     

梯度功能氧化物电极的电性能研究

首次将梯度法应用于电极材料的制作中,进行了梯度法对电极的表面形貌和电性能影响的一系列实验,包括梯度的组成及变化次数,每次的涂制次数,梯度一层的热氧化温度和时间等。     

脂肪族硝基含能化合物撞击感度的QSPR研究

基于定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)原理,研究脂肪族硝基化合物撞击感度与其分子结构间的内在定量关系。应用遗传函数算法筛选出与撞击感度密切相关的6个参数作为分子描述符;采用多元线性回归方法建立基于该6参数的脂肪族硝基化合物撞击感度预测模型。分别采用内部验证及外部验证的方式对模型性能进行验证,研究结果表明模型具有较高的稳定性、预测能力及泛化性能。     

Influences of co‐monomers and electrolyte acidity on morphological structure of copper‐in‐copolymer gradient film

In this paper, the influences of composition of copolymers and acidity of electrolyte in an electrochemical reactor on morphological structure of copper‐in‐polymer gradient composite film were investigated. For binary copolymers, poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) [P(AN‐co‐MA)] and poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐sodium allyl sulfonate) [P(AN‐co‐SAS)], the charged group ? SO in P(AN‐co‐SAS) improves the swelling of the copolymer phase and copper reduction to form gradient morphology; the carboxylic ester group in P(AN‐co‐MA) is not effective because of its poor hydrophilicity, but it is a cooperating component with P(AN‐co‐SAS) to avoid excess of counterion (i.e., Na⁺) in SCF, which might severely interrupt Cu²⁺ coexistence. The swelling of the polymer phase is helpful to decrease the energy of the transfer ions in SCF and to enhance copper deposition and gradient formation. The increase of surface energy because of cluster growth raises the surface energy level of deposited Cu⁰ clusters. The conteraction between these two energy factors allows the size of clusters to be 50–100 nm. The appropriate H⁺ concentration improves active Cu²⁺ reduction and thus deposited gradient copper phase in the copolymer matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 373–380, 2004     

热管对沥青混合料降温特性及高温稳定性的影响

为有效减少沥青路面的高温车辙病害,基于重力热管降温原理,本文成型了埋置热管的沥青混合料车辙试件;通过烘箱模拟了车辙试件的升温和降温过程,利用温度传感器实时监测车辙试件不同位置的温度;分析了埋设热管的沥青混合料车辙试件的焓变和温度梯度,评价了热管对沥青混合料降温特性的影响;同时研究了热管对沥青混合料抗车辙性能的影响。结果表明:热管在一定程度上可以起到调节沥青混合料温度变化的作用,减小了沥青混合料受温度变化的影响;热管的埋设可以显著提高沥青混合料的动稳定度,改善沥青混合料的高温抗车辙能力。     

细粉下料过程的气固流体动力学作用分析

细颗粒粉体下料时受气固流体力学作用在料仓出口附近形成逆压力梯度,使得粉体下料流率实验值远低于理论预测值。而且该压力梯度力直接测量较困难,对模型修正和发展提出了挑战。以玻璃微珠、流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂颗粒、褐煤和聚氯乙烯（PVC）颗粒为实验材料,首先开展粉体静力学与动力学测试,借助休止角（AOR）、豪斯纳比（HR）和卡尔流动指数（CFI）多个粉体流动性判据综合分析不同粉体的流动特性;在分析粉体料仓出口附近气固流动特征的基础上,结合Jenike流动与不流动判据,将作用在细颗粒粉体上的逆压力梯度力引入到拱应力平衡方程;进一步,提出了利用迭代算法获得逆压力梯度力的方法,实现了对逆压力梯度力与粉体料仓下料流率的预测。建立的粉体下料流率模型考虑了气固流体动力学作用对粉体下料流动的影响,有效改善了传统模型对细粉体流率预测偏高的问题,模型预测偏差从60%以上降低至±20%。