一个新的用于HCCI发动机燃烧研究的正庚烷化学反应动力学简化模型

提出了一个新的适用于HCCI发动机燃烧研究的正庚烷化学反应动力学简化模型，包含44种组分和72个反应。由四个子模型组成：低温反应子模型是在Li等人模型的基础上，定义具体的醛类(RcH0)产物和小分子碳氢产物(Rs)而构建；增加了用于链接低温反应向高温反应过渡的大分子直接裂解成小分子反应子模型；高温反应子模型是在Griffiths等人模型的基础上，去除了无关的基元反应，增加两个关于CO和CH3O的氧化反应而构建；此外，还采用了Golovitchev简化模型中NOx生成子模型。新模型能够模拟正庚烷HCCI燃烧的冷焰和热焰反应以及NOx生成的整个过程，与详细模型计算结果吻合较好。CPU计算时间是详细模型的1／1000，为CFD多维模型与化学反应动力学模型相耦合的燃烧计算提供了可行的途径。     

A novel approach to reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the HCCI engine

A novel approach is proposed and investigated to reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions from a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine by using in-cylinder catalysts. The combustion and emission characteristics of this HCCI engine are numerically simulated in three cases, i.e., the baseline engine with an uncoated piston crown, the engine with a platinum coating on the top and side surfaces of the piston crown (full coated case) and the engine with a platinum coating only on the side surface of the piston crown (partial coated case). A detailed reaction mechanism of methane oxidation on platinum catalyst is adopted. The results show that the unburned hydrocarbons of the HCCI engine arise primarily from sources near the combustion chamber wall, such as flame quenching at the entrance of crevice volumes and at the combustion chamber wall, and the adsorption and desorption of methane into and from the cylinder wall. The in-cylinder catalyst gives rise to a reduction of exhaust unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions by approximately 15% with the full coating of platinum catalyst on the piston crown, however, with the partial coating, the in-cylinder catalyst can reduce the UHC emissions by approximately 20%.     

Double-Wiebe function: An approach for single-zone HCCI engine modeling

Single-zone Wiebe-function HCCI combustion models tend to over-predict the peak cylinder pressure. The over-prediction arises because it is not possible for the standard Wiebe function to fully match both the slower combustion (i.e. the large spread of autoignition times) that occurs in the cooler boundary regions adjacent to the walls and the faster combustion (small spread of autoignition times) in the hot core. The slower combustion by the wall is commonly modeled with a multi-zone approach. The aim of this work was to improve the ability of a single-zone model to predict cylinder pressure without introducing a separate wall zone. This was accomplished by using, within a single zone, a double-Wiebe function combustion model in which most of the fuel burns as usual but a minor fraction (typically 10–20%) burns at a reduced rate. In the present article, cylinder pressure traces predicted by using both standard and double-Wiebe functions are compared to experimental pressure traces obtained from a Ricardo Hydra HCCI engine. The best agreement with the experiments was obtained by using double-Wiebe function approach.     

微自由活塞发动机HCCI着火界限研究

开展微燃烧室里均质压缩燃烧(Homogeneous charge compression ignition,HCCI)可视化试验,进行定性分析,并以试验为基础建立三维数值模拟计算模型;基于丙烷燃烧化学反应动力学机理,提出自由活塞运动与燃烧过程耦合的计算方式,通过编写STAR-CD软件中的动网格子程序,对微燃烧室里均质气体压缩燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究;分析了各种参数对微HCCI着火特性的影响,得出在理想模型下的压缩着火界限,即当量纲一参数压缩比不小于55时,均质气体总能压缩着火;并揭示泄漏对均质压缩燃烧过程的影响,得出在不同泄漏间隙尺寸下着火界限的变化情况,为微自由活塞发动机的设计提供一定的理论依据。     

柴油机HCCI燃烧特点及影响因素分析

介绍了发动机均质充量压缩着火（HCCI）燃烧的概念和特点，更进一步分析了柴油机HCCI燃烧的特点．以及影响柴油机HCCI燃烧的一些重要因素，如混合气形成方式、进气温度、负荷、EGR、气门正时、压缩比等的影响．     

淬火-回火对ZTA陶瓷增强高铬铸铁基复合材料耐磨性的影响*

氧化锆增韧氧化铝复相陶瓷(ZTA)/高铬铸铁(HCCI)构型耐磨复合材料具有极高的耐磨性,但由于铸造态复合材料难以加工且易断裂失效,需要对其进行热处理。对ZTA/HCCI构型复合材料进行热处理,分析淬火前后复合材料的微观组织,并通过三体摩擦磨损测试研究热处理对耐磨性的影响。结果表明：热处理后HCCI基体微观组织为马氏体或回火马氏体,保证了ZTA/HCCI构型复合材料基体本身具有较高的耐磨性;与热处理后的HCCI相比,淬火和回火的ZTA/HCCI复合材料的质量损失率分别降低了53%和55%,表明材料的整体耐磨性得到了提高。在热处理后的ZTA/HCCI构型复合材料中,ZTA陶瓷在HCCI马氏体基体上钉扎,起到了“阴影效应”,增强了材料的整体耐磨性。     

ニ茂铁改善HCCI发动机高负荷爆震的试验研究

在一台改造过的四缸柴油机上进行均质预混和压燃(HCCI)试验,研究了二茂铁对HCCI发动机高负荷爆震的影响。研究结果表明：二茂铁能够抑制HCCI发动机爆震,扩大发动机负荷范围;0.000 25二茂铁改善爆震、拓宽负荷范围作用较小,随二茂铁质量分数增加到0.000 35和0.000 5,抗爆性能和负荷拓宽能力明显增强,但二茂铁质量分数过高会导致发动机失火可能性增加。0.000 35是发动机转速为1 400 r／min下二茂铁质量分数的最佳参数。     

热处理对含钨过共晶高铬铸铁组织与性能影响

试验利用金相、EDS面扫描、力学性能测试等方法,对不同淬火及回火温度对含钨高铬铸铁组织与性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,淬火温度升高使试样基体中共晶碳化物减少,二次碳化物增多,淬火温度在1000 ℃时,试样综合性能较好;回火温度升高,试样基体马氏体细化,二次碳化物增多粗化,当回火温度为360 ℃时,试样综合性能较好。     

A parametric study on natural gas fueled HCCI combustion engine using a multi-zone combustion model

Homogenous Charge Combustion Ignition (HCCI) is a good method for higher efficiency and to reduce NOx and particulate matter simultaneously in comparison to conventional internal combustion engines. In HCCI engines, there is no direct control method for auto ignition time. A common way to indirectly control the ignition timing in HCCI combustion engines is varying engine’s parameters which can affect the combustion. In this work, a parametric study on natural gas HCCI combustion is conducted in order to identify the effect of inlet temperature and pressure, compression ratio, equivalence ratio and engine speed on combustion and engine performance parameters. In this paper, two kinds of parameters will be discussed. First, in-cylinder pressure diagrams and variation of start of combustion which are combustion parameters will be presented and then the second category, indicated mean effective pressure and thermal efficiency which are performance parameters will be studied. A six zone model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics code is used to simulate HCCI combustion. Both heat and mass transfer was considered in the modeling procedure. Results revealed that among the considered parameters, the equivalence ratio and inlet pressure are the most valuable parameters which can improve the combustion and performance characteristics of the HCCI engine.     

Low sooting combustion of narrow-angle wall-guided sprays in an HSDI diesel engine with retarded injection timings

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engine was used to investigate the spray and combustion processes with narrow-angle wall-guided sprays. Influences of injection timings and injection pressure on combustion characteristics and emissions were studied. In-cylinder pressure was measured and used for heat release analysis. High-speed spray and combustion videos were captured. NO_x emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. With significantly retarded post-top dead center (TDC) injections, smokeless combustion was achieved for wall-guided diesel spray. Premixed-combustion was observed from the heat release rates and the combustion images. Natural luminosity was found significantly lower for smokeless combustion case. However, NO_x emissions were higher for the low sooting combustion cases. In addition, retarding injection timing lead to more complete combustion with more heat released from the same amount of fuel. Spray images revealed significant fuel impingement for all the conditions and the spray development was controlled and guided by the piston bowl curvature. NO_x and natural luminosity trade-off trend was observed for these conditions. However, quite different from conventional diesel combustion, retarding post-TDC injection timing leads to lower natural luminosity and higher NO_x emissions for narrow-angle wall-guided spray combustion. For the smokeless combustion case under moderate operating load, both homogeneous combustion and low-luminosity pool fires were observed during combustion process and the latter was due to fuel-piston impingement. The findings in this study could be used to solve the smoke issues associated with narrow-angle injection technique under high load conditions. With narrow-angle injectors, ignition could occur for significantly retarded post-TDC injections, which provides a unique mixing approach for diesel engines.