β-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase (HADH) activity of unfrozen and frozen—thawed frog (Rana esculenta) legs

The β-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH) activity of unfrozen and thawed frog legs was investigated. The enzyme was extracted by either immersing frog legs in phosphate buffer 0.1 M, pH 6.0 at 25°C for 15 min or pressing them between trichinoscopy glasses. The enzyme activity was assayed using acetoacetyl-CoA as substrate and measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. It was possible by both extraction methods to distinguish between thawed and unfrozen samples although when the juice was obtained by pressing the HADH activity of the dilution was ～ 1.5 times higher than that obtained by immersion. The HADH activity was significantly higher (P≤0·001) in frozen-thawed frogs than in unfrozen legs because during freezing there is a release of HADH. No significative differences were found in the HADH activity in samples frozen in the temperature range -10 to -196°C. HADH activity was not affected by the storage time in crushed ice up to 6 days.     

Influence of packaging atmosphere on the formation of cholesterol oxides in γ-irradiated egg powder

In a previous work the effect of ionising radiation on formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) under aerobic conditions was studied. In the present work the influence of aerobic and anoxic conditions have been comparatively investigated to study the chemical changes of cholesterol in γ-irradiated egg powder. The irradiation treatment was carried out with powdered egg packed under air and also under vacuum in polyethylene (PE) bags and in laminated, oxygen impermeable three-layer (polyester-aluminium-polyethylene) foil to dosage levels 2 and 4 kGy at room temperature. The cholesterol oxidation is demonstrated by thin-layer chromatograms. In the egg powder wrapped in PE bags the predominant cholesterol derivatives?7-hydroxycholesterol isomers (α and β)—accumulated in significant amounts (increasing with dose) while vacuum-packaging in laminated foil considerably suppressed the quantity of these products and prevented the formation of cholesterol 5α, 6α-epoxide as well as 7-ketocholesterol. Little or no change was observed in non-irradiated (control) vacuum-packed egg powder stored at approximately 22°C for up to 5 months. Peroxide values showed changes parallel to the formation of COPs.     

WLAN优化研究

最近几年,无线局域网已经在学校、宾馆、商业楼宇、医院等场合得到了广泛应用.为保证WLAN建设高密度场景用户使用的效果与最终体验,势必要对W LAN进行优化,以满足日益扩大的业务发展需要.     

一种新的增加Ad hoc 网络吞吐量的MAC协议设计

该文提出一种新的MAC协议,其目的是增加802.11b的网络容量。虽然IEEE的802.11b协议提供了较高的原始速率,但是物理层和MAC层随速率提高而引入的额外开销也不断增大。此外,物理层规范定义了两种物理层数据单元格式,但是研究者没有研究如何利用开销小的物理层数据单元来提高802.11b的容量。该文提出一种物理层自适应的算法,它能自适应地选择802.11b物理层规范中的两种不同物理层数据单元格式进行传输,并计算相应的网络分配向量。通过NS仿真证明,该协议能够提高网络的性能,如端到端的时延,有效吞吐量和传包率,特别是在高负载,高速率情况下。     

Enzymic degradation and nature of the endosperm cell walls of germinating sorghums and barley

β-(1·3)(1·4)-Glucans are the major components of isolated endosperm cell walls of both sorghum and barley grains and the concentration declines from 75% in unmalted barley walls to 32% in those of the 6-day malts. In sorghums over the same period, the reduction was from 72 and 68% to 54 and 62% in varieties L187 and SK5912, respectively. Following germination wall pentosans, while enhanced in barley, decreased in sorghum. The enzymes which were unable to hydrolyse the walls of sorghum to release sugars (unlike those of barley) did so after the walls had been solubilised in alkali. Cellobiose accounted for 43% of the hydrolysates of the alkali-solubilised walls when incubated with sorghum malt enzymes and 79% when barley enzymes were used. Laminaribiose was not detected in either case which indicates that the polysaccharide of the sorghum walls is largely of a ‘cellulosic’ nature. Preliminary evidence suggests that fuco-xyloglucan may contribute to the resistance of the sorghum endosperm cell walls to enzymic attack during germination.     

Effect of alkali halides on α-chymotrypsin activity in the plastein reaction

The influence of different alkali halides (LiF, LiCl. LiBr, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KCl and KBr) on α-chymotrypsin-catalysed plastein synthesis has been studied in aqueous medium at different substrate concentrations. The results showed an enhancing effect on the plastein synthesis enzyme action by the presence of salts, proportional to salt concentration, which was decreased when the substrate concentration was increased. Additionally, these facts allowed the ions to be classified as a function of their activation power (F^? > Cl^? > Br^?: K⁺ > Na⁺ > Li⁺), which was in agreement with the interpretation of the Hofmeister lyotropic series. The influence of the several phenomena produced by the presence of salts in the plastein reaction, such as, salt-substrate interactions and water activity, as well as the presence of deactivated enzyme was also analysed. The obtained results showed that the substrate concentration is the most important factor, and the activating effect of salts could be simultaneously involved with both a structural change on the substrate conformation and a reduction of water activity into the reaction media, enhancing the catalytic capability of the α-chymotrypsin towards a peptide synthesis action.     

IEEE802.11b无线局域网视频传输特性分析

论述了目前成熟的无线局域网(WLAN)技术的特点,在此基础上对IEEE802.11b进行IP组播的传输特性进行研究与分析,为在无线局域网上进行视频实时传输提供信道的应用特性.     

Chirp Control of an Electroabsorption Modulator to be used for Regeneration and Wavelength Conversion at 40 Gbit/s in All-Optical Networking

Chirp control to produce low or negative values of chirp at the output of an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) is an important mechanism for reducing the signal degradation due to chromatic dispersion in high-speed transmission over standard single-mode fibre. An analytical model for the chirp performance of an EAM capable of optical regeneration and simultaneous wavelength conversion operating at 40 Gbit/s is derived. A chirp control approach is identified using this model by exploring the tradeoff between the α-parameter describing the chirp factor (based on the nonlinear absorption coefficients) and bias voltage requirements of an EAM. In particular, an optimum range of bias voltage is determined to ensure reduced chirp operation when a two-tone signal (i.e., comprised of bias and modulating voltages) is applied to the EAM. It is also demonstrated for large signal operation at 40 Gbit/s that the optimum range of reverse bias voltage is between 0 and 2 V to obtain low values for the chirp factor (between +1 and −2) in order to facilitate the necessary chirp control in all-optical networking. In addition, it is identified that at 40 Gbit/s higher positive values of the second- and third- order nonlinear coefficients of chirp must be avoided when operating at reverse bias voltages less than 1 V.     

H optimal approximation for causal spline interpolation

In this paper, we give a causal solution to the problem of spline interpolation using H^∞ optimal approximation. Generally speaking, spline interpolation requires filtering the whole sampled data, the past and the future, to reconstruct the inter-sample values. This leads to non-causality of the filter, and this becomes a critical issue for real-time applications.Our objective here is to derive a causal system which approximates spline interpolation by H^∞ optimization for the filter. The advantage of H^∞ optimization is that it can address uncertainty in the input signals to be interpolated in design, and hence the optimized system has robustness property against signal uncertainty.We give a closed-form solution to the H^∞ optimization in the case of the cubic splines. For higher-order splines, the optimal filter can be effectively solved by a numerical computation. We also show that the optimal FIR (finite impulse response) filter can be designed by an LMI (linear matrix inequality), which can also be effectively solved numerically. A design example is presented to illustrate the result.     

ENHANCEMENT OF AMYLOLYTIC POTENTIAL OF SORGHUM MALTS BY ALKALINE STEEP TREATMENT

The effect of alkaline steep liquor on sorghum maltability was investigated using three improved Nigeria sorghum cultivara. Germination was for four days at 30°C after steeping under four different regimes. Grain germinability, root length and malting loss were significantly (P < 0.001) repressed by steeping in alkaline liquor for all the cultivars. However, the extent of this repression seemed in all cases significantly dependent on cultivar and steep regime plus their possible interactions. Similarly, the development of diastatic enzymes activities appeared to be highly significantly dependent on steep liquor, steep regime, cultivar, plus their possible pairwise and three way interactions. For ICSV400, highest diastatic power and α-amylase development were attained on steeping grains in alkaline liquor under a continuous steep regime incorporating final warm steep treatment. Conversely, exposure of KSV8 and SK5912 to a regime incorporating air-resting and final warm steep significantly enhanced diastatic power and α-amylase development. β-Amylase activity was in all cases enhanced by alkaline steeping. In fact, β-Amylolytic activity constituted over 70% of total diastatic activity in most alkaline steeped ICSV400 malts. However, SK5912 exhibited relatively low hot water extract in spite of the improved amylolytic activity.