Fluids and parameters optimization for a novel cogeneration system driven by low-temperature geothermal sources

A novel cogeneration system was proposed and techno-economically investigated, consisting of a low-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem, an intermediate heat exchanger subsystem and a heat pump subsystem. The main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids (among 27 fluids with boiling point temperature ranging from −47.69 to 47.59 °C) and optimized cycle parameters for the ORC-based power generation subsystem. The screening criteria include net power output per unit mass flow rate of hot source (P_net), the ratio of total heat transfer area to net power output (A/W_net), and electricity production cost (epc). Results show that there exists optimum evaporating temperatures maximizing the P_net value and minimizing the A/P_net and epc values. The optimum temperatures vary with different screening criteria and fluids. Optimized fluids based on each screening criteria are not the same. E170, R600 and R141b show the lowest A/W_net and epc values with averagely 3.78% lower P_net value than R236ea which presents the largest P_net value.     

污水调节池对污水热能利用影响研究

以污水源热泵系统冬季工况为例,分别分析了污水调节池体积大小的设计方法,污水调节池设置与否对系统供暖建筑面积的影响,为污水热能利用工程的设计及施工提供参考。     

总能系统与能源利用的统一性的性能评价指标体系

建立了以电量为基准的能源利用和总能系统的统一性性能评价指标体系,使各种用能方式的热力学性能可以在统一、客观、合理和科学的基准上进行比较和评价。研究了总能系统的设定,并在此基础上研究了热电联产机组的临界热电化,使热电联产总能系统节能与否的判断更容易。并对长期困扰热电联产发展,存在争议的供热战本和热价等问题进行了探讨。     

沼气发酵综合利用的现状与发展趋势

论述了我国沼气发酵综合利用技术的现状－沼气和沼气发酵残留物的各种利用途径及所取得的经济效益,分析讨论了沼气技术与农村可持续发展的关系,提出了“绿色－立体经济”模式。     

滨江热电厂新建工程供热部分可行性分析

本文对哈尔滨滨江热电厂供热部分可行性进行分析,对热负荷、调峰热源确定、供热方案、热平衡及环保等方面进行阐述。为北方高寒地区的供热工程建设提供借鉴。     

Numerical analysis of coupled transport and reaction phenomena in an anode-supported flat-tube solid oxide fuel cell

Heat and mass transfer with electrochemical reaction in an anode-supported flat-tube solid oxide fuel cell (FT-SOFC) is studied by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. The distributions of the reaction fields in the anode-supported FT-SOFC are found to be similar to those in the planar SOFC with co-flow arrangement. However, in comparison with the latter, the concentration and activation overpotentials of the former can be reduced by additional reactant diffusion through the porous rib of the fuel channel. Parametric survey reveals that, for a fixed activation overpotential model, the output voltage can be improved by increasing the pore size of anode, while the cross-sectional geometry has smaller effect on the cell performance. Based on the results of three-dimensional simulation, we also develop a simplified numerical model of anode-supported FT-SOFC, which takes into account the concentration gradients in the thick anode of complex cross-sectional geometry. The simplified model can sufficiently predict the output voltage as well as the distributions of temperature and current density with very low computational cost. Thus, it can be used as a powerful tool for surveying wide range of anode-supported FT-SOFC design parameters.     

Enhanced Pt utilization in electrocatalysts by covering of colloidal silica nanoparticles

This work aims at enhancing Pt utilization in electrocatalysts by covering of preformed silica nanoparticles. Pt/C electrocatalysts were prepared by reductive deposition of Pt by citrate at moderate temperatures on silica nanoparticles with varying atomic silica to Pt ratios (1.7:1 and 3.3:1) to study the effects of silica to Pt ratio. Considerable voidages were created by inter-situated 10–20 nm silica nanoparticles between support carbon particulates to facilitate mass transfer of reactants and products. This particular method of catalyst preparation increases the Pt metal utilization, and generates a large amount of accessible voidage in the interpenetrating particle network of carbon and silica to support the facile transport of reactants and products. Electrochemical hydrogen adsorption/desorption has shown an increase in electrochemically active surface area by this approach. Methanol electro-oxidation was used as a test reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity. It was found that the Pt catalyst modified with silica at silica:Pt = 1.7:1 atomic ratio was more active than a catalyst prepared when silica to Pt ratio increased to 3.3:1.     

层次分析法在资源综合利用电源规划中的应用

针对宁夏电网分层分区特点,提出了一套资源综合利用机组及电源点布局合理性的综合评价指标体系,应用电源规划软件PowerPlan获得了四个可比且较优的电源规划方案,采用层次分析法对该方案进行综合评价获得了较优方案,为结构优化提供了较全面完整的指标和新途径。     

太阳能驱动有机朗肯循环的工质比较

针对太阳能热水和其它低品位热能的动力利用,研究了工作在100℃供热温度和30℃冷凝温度之间的有机朗肯循环工质的优化选择,以满足较高的循环效率、较大的机械能输出、较小的排气量需求等要求。工质模型采用RKS状态方程,针对R22在-30～95℃温度区间内,计算结果与ASHRAE20-2005数据比较,除液相密度外,其它的热力学参数计算绝对误差小于5%,满足工程模拟要求。利用RKS模型,文中分析了19种有机工质的动力循环参数,发现工质R11的热力学性能系数最高。结合GWP和ODP环境指标,发现R142b、Rc318与R600适合于低温朗肯循环。     

Heat transfer enhancement in a slot channel via a transversely oscillating adiabatic circular cylinder

Heat transfer enhancement in a uniformly heated slot channel due to vortices shed from a transversely oscillating adiabatic circular cylinder is investigated. Effects of the cylinder motion and vortex shedding on heat transfer are systematically assessed by varying the cylinder oscillation frequency from 75% to 125% of the natural vortex shedding frequency of a fixed cylinder within the same domain. Numerical simulations at Re = 100 and 0.1 ? Pr ? 10 are performed using spectral element discretization of Navier-Stokes and energy equations in a moving domain based on an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. Results within the thermally developing flow region show heat transfer enhancement due to the placement of a stationary cylinder compared to the straight channel case. Transverse oscillations of the cylinder further increase the wall heat transfer coefficient. Pumping power in the channel and the power necessary to oscillate the cylinder is also provided for comparisons. Cylinder oscillations with 75% of the natural vortex shedding frequency is shown to yield the best results with only 10% more power to pump the fluid, compared with the fixed cylinder case.