Improved gas holdup in novel bubble column

This investigation reports the experimental and theoretical results carried out to evaluate the gas holdup for air–water system in a novel hybrid rotating and reciprocating perforated plate bubble column under countercurrent condition. The response of this hybrid column is found to be similar to that of reciprocating plate column (RPC) showing mixer‐settler, transition, and emulsion regions. The effect of agitation level, superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, perforation diameter, and plate spacing on gas holdup is studied and found to be significant. The gas holdup is found to be least in the range of agitation level of 1.3–1.5 cm/s. For all the superficial gas and liquid velocities considered in this present investigation, the critical agitation level at minimum gas holdup remains nearly same. The gas holdup in this hybrid column is 1.2–1.7 times higher in mixer‐settler region and 2.1–2.7 times higher in emulsion region than that of RPC. Correlations have been developed and found to concur with the experimental values. It can be used with 95% accuracy. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Modeling the ultrasonic cavitation‐enhanced removal of nitrogen oxide in a bubble column reactor

A model study of the sonochemical removal of nitric oxide (NO) in a bubble column reactor is presented. The detailed model is developed to investigate the actual cavitation phenomena taking place during the absorption of NO. The expansion and subsequent collapse of cavitation bubble according to the theory of cavity collapse—initially developed by Lord Rayleigh and then improved on by coupling the energy balance equation of the bubble and the chemical reactions taking place inside the cavity to calculate the composition of different species formed during the collapse—are modeled. The model takes into consideration (1) cavitation bubble dynamics, (2) generation and transfer of oxidizing species from bubble collapse through reaction kinetics, (3) transfer of NO from gas to liquid, and (4) chemical reactions of oxidizing species with dissolved NO. The results of the simulations surprisingly indicate that the chemistry induced by ultrasonic cavitation cannot explain the absorption of NO beyond about 30% of the inlet concentration if the mass transfer is assumed to be the same as that in the bubble column without ultrasound. When experimental values of mass‐transfer coefficients, calculated in the studies by other researchers (which are in the range of about five times the physical mass‐transfer coefficient in a bubble column), are used, absorption up to 80% are calculated in the simulations consistent with experimental results obtained from the sonochemical bubble column reactor. The present model provides a framework on which more robust and rigorous models can be developed for the complex gas‐liquid sonochemical systems and reactors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2397–2411, 2012     

Increasing nano‐particle dispersion ratio in the bubble stretching‐based technique

We present a new method to increase nano‐particle migration rate in bubble stretching‐based technique. Vibration created by the inflation and shrinking process of bubbles is used. Process parameters can be adjusted to increase the probability of collision between the nano‐particles and the bubble wall. In effect, particles sufficiently migrate to the bubble wall, increasing both particle migration rate and dispersion ratio. Our measurement show that: (1) particle diameter, initial bubble radius, and initial bubble pressure strongly influence the migration of particles; (2) with appropriate parameters, nano‐particles can quickly and efficiently migrate to the bubble wall through this new method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

烧结网冒泡压力变化的原因分析

论述了单层滤网(烧结网控制层)与用单层滤网做成烧结网之间的初始冒泡压力值变化的关系,并总结了怎样的烧结网配方才能尽量减小对滤网的损伤,初始冒泡值接近单层滤网初始冒泡值的方法。     

Computational modeling of microbubble coalescence and breakup using large eddy simulation and Lagrangian tracking

The flow of dispersed microbubbles was studied with an Eulerian–Lagrangian technique using large eddy simulation to predict the continuous liquid flow and Lagrangian tracking to compute bubble trajectories. The model fully accounts for bubble coalescence and breakup and was applied to horizontal and vertical channel flows. With low levels of turbulence, gravity in horizontal, and lift in vertical, channel flows govern the bubble spatial and collision distribution. When turbulence is sufficiently high to, at least partially, oppose bubble preferential concentration, more uniform collision and coalescence distributions are found, although these remain peaked near the wall in both configurations. Almost 100% coalescence efficiency was always found, due to bubbles colliding along similar trajectories, with breakup only recorded in a flow of low surface tension refrigerant R134a. Models like this can provide the required quantitative understanding of the microbubbles complex behavior, as well as supporting the development of more macroscopic modeling closures.     

好氧发酵过程微界面传质耦合模拟分析

微生物好氧发酵过程是一个多相生化反应体系,空气中的氧在气液两相间的传质速率对生化发酵过程有重要影响。而气泡中氧的传递特性是气泡的形态、运动及体系温度、压力和物性综合影响的结果。通过建立两组分空气气泡上升及其氧传质耦合模型,进而采用数值模拟描述好氧发酵体系中微界面体系的强化效果。利用能量耗散理论评价制造微气泡体系的能耗,以获得高性价比的气泡形态和较高的氧利用率。计算结果表明,在预设的工况下,液面高度一定的反应器内,初始半径大于500μm的气泡会在短时间内逸出体系,造成物料浪费;而气泡初始半径小于100μm时,其停留时间、传质效率和氧利用率会显著提升。小气泡的生成需要较大的能耗,需要综合生产成本考虑。在不考虑其他因素影响的情况下,体系中的DO值如果维持在20%～30%,可以获得最大的氧气传质速率。     

自然循环窄矩形通道内过冷沸腾两相摩擦阻力特性

采用去离子水作为实验工质,在低压低流速自然循环工况下开展了单面加热可视化窄矩形通道内的过冷沸腾摩擦阻力特性实验研究。实验中测量了实验段内的压降数据,并通过高速摄影仪拍摄了窄矩形通道内的气液两相图像,提出了过冷沸腾条件下的两相摩擦压降的剥离计算方法。基于本实验中获得摩擦压降数据,对分别基于均相流模型和分液相模型的经典两相摩擦压降计算关系式进行了评估,实验结果表明:采用不同等效黏度计算方法的均相流模型计算结果比实验值明显偏小;而分相流模型中,Sun and Mishiba关系式和Tran关系式均能够较好地预测摩擦阻力,计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差在±15%以内。结合实验数据,以分相流模型方法为基础,考虑全液相Reynolds数、Martinelli参数和Laplace数的影响,获得了计算分液相折算系数的经验关系式,与实验数据符合较好,平均相对误差在10%范围内。     

用光镜和电镜对气孔的分析研究

本文根据用光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜对球铁件中的气孔缺陷进行的观察和研究,阐述了气孔的形貌特征,并附了典型的光镜和扫描电镜照片.文章认为:借助先进的仪器设备,对于判断气孔缺陷的性质和产生的原因,研究探讨其形成机理,提出防止缺陷产生的措施具有重要的意义.     

C_2液相加氢用固定床鼓泡反应器的适宜操作区

本文以氢气为气相介质、甲苯为液相介质。研究了:气液通过φ39固定床鼓泡反应器时。反应器内流体的流动状态,确定了适宜的操作区,以便应用于碳二液相催化选择性加氢脱炔工艺研究。     

Double-sensor conductivity probe applied in a flotation system

This study proposed a new approach for measuring bubble size distribution, bubble mean diameter, Sauter mean bubble diameter, and gas holdup using a double-sensor conductivity probe in an air/water two-phase system bubble column. The results for the two-phase system were compared and calibrated using analyses from bubble images taken by a digital camera from the side of the column wall. Good agreement was observed between the two techniques. The same double-sensor conductivity was used in an air/water/solids three-phase system. The conductivity probe captured the change in bubble dynamic behaviour inside the pulp phase; however, the presence of the solids made it more challenging to measure. As a result, the VisioFroth commercial package, using images taken from the top of the froth layer, could be used in conjunction with the double-sensor conductivity probe to show the dynamic evolution of mineralized bubbles from the pulp zone to the froth zone in a flotation process.