Direct Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/LaNiO3 nanohybrid with enhanced photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution

The direct Z-scheme ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid based on ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheets and LaNiO₃ cubes was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid showed improved photocatalytic H₂ evolution and stability. The photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity of ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid is 3-fold enhanced than that of bare ZnIn₂S₄. The enhanced performance of ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid is mainly ascribed to the formation of heterojunction between LaNiO₃ and ZnIn₂S₄. The heterojunction can facilitate charge transport on the interface between LaNiO₃ and ZnIn₂S₄ and suppress the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers over ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid, which were well demonstrated by photoelectrochemical tests. Moreover, the direct Z-scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the improved performance of ZnIn₂S₄/LaNiO₃ nanohybrid photocatalyst. This study may provide some guidance on the construction of direct Z-scheme photocatalytic system for photocatalytic H₂ evolution.     

Review MXenes as a new type of nanomaterial for environmental applications in the photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants

Two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with an adjustable bandgap (0.92–1.75eV), excellent structural stability, high conductivity and hydrophilicity has always been a hotspot in the field of environmental photocatalysis. However, the rapid recombination of light-excited carriers of a single photocatalytic material decreases quantum efficiency and photocatalytic performance. The modification of MXene could overcome these problems to improve photocatalytic properties. Among various improvement strategies, the composition of MXene heterostructure and Schottky junction is an effective and straightforward strategy for adjusting electronic structure and accelerating photocatalytic performance. This review aims to design typical, cost-effective heterojunctions and Schottky junctions and their progress, mechanisms, and trends in environmental organic pollutants' degradation. This review detailed the heterogeneous catalytic mechanism of MXene-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. It is discussed the way to improve the photocatalytic performance of MXene by constructing heterojunction and Schottky junction. The surface properties, catalyst performance and pollution management of various MXene-based catalysts were compared, and then some dilemmas and application strategies of MXene development were analyzed in depth. This review can open up ideas for new approaches and provide valuable clues for designing MXene as a cocatalyst to develop more effective photocatalysts for practical application in environmental pollution management.     

Nanocomposites based on 3D honeycomb-like carbon nitride with Cd0·5Zn0·5S quantum dots for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Honeycomb-like graphitic carbon nitride (H–C₃N₄) with unique morphology has been studied as a promising polymer photocatalyst. Herein, a novel binary metal sulfide constructed with H–C₃N₄ (Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S/H–C₃N₄) was prepared though the facile in situ precipitation method. The characterization data suggest that Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S quantum dots (QDs) are well dispersed on the macroporous structure of H–C₃N₄ (156 m² g⁻¹), which can provide higher surface area, more catalytic active sites and larger interface contact area with accelerating the migration and separation of charge carriers. By taking advantage of 0D/3D heterojunction structure, the Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S/H–C₃N₄ dramatically boosts the photocatalytic H₂ evolution rate with the visible-light illumination. The Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S/H–C₃N₄-3 yields the highest photocatalytic activity of 5145 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, which is 4.3 times as high as that of pure Cd_0·5Zn_0.5S. Furthermore, Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S/H–C₃N₄ composite presents high stability after four recycles. The enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ production is attributed to the construction of n-n type heterojunction as well as the large surface area, which can inhibit the agglomeration of Cd_0·5Zn_0·5S nanoparticles, and efficiently transfer the photoexcited electron-hole pairs in Cd_0·5Zn_0.5S. Therefore, this work provides a potential way for designing advanced 0D/3D heterojunction.     

SiGe HBT异质结势垒高度物理模型研究

基于SiGe HBT异质结势垒效应(HBE)产生的物理机制,综合考虑Ge引入集电区和大电流下电流感应基区中少子浓度对空穴浓度的影响,建立了异质结势垒高度解析模型。结果表明,将Ge引入集电区可有效地推迟HBE发生;同时,考虑少子浓度的影响,势垒高度具有明显的饱和趋势,峰值约为0.07 eV。     

功率SiGe/Si HBT的温度特性

测量了Si/SiGe HBT在23~260℃温度范围内的Gummel图、理想因子n、不同基极电流下的发射结电压VBE、电流增益β、共发射极输出特性,以及Early电压VA的变化情况。结果表明,随电流和温度的增加,β减少,VBE随温度的变化率dVBE/dT小于同质结Si BJT。在高集电极-发射极电压和大电流下,在输出特性曲线上观察到了负微分电阻(NDR)特性。结果还显示,电流增益-Early电压积与温度的倒数(1/T)呈线性关系,这对模拟电路应用是很重要和有用的。     

Si／Ge应变层异质结价带偏移的剪裁与设计

讨论应变层异质结价带偏移的剪裁、设计方法，研究Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ应变层异质结价带偏移设计参数与应变条件的关系，基于异质结中平均键能“对齐”，得到适用于Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ异质结价带偏移剪裁与设计的计算公式和图表。     

16元非晶硅荧光探测器的结构和工艺

研究一种新型的非晶硅ＰＩＮ异质结荧光探测器的结构和制备工艺，详细讨论了探测器单元的结构优化设计和暗电流和灵敏度等特性，实验表明，采用α－ＳｉＣ／α－Ｓｉ异质结构，提高沉积非晶硅基薄膜的本底真空度，优化制备工艺，可制备高信噪比的非晶硅荧光探测器。     

PNP和NPN型异质结双极晶体管的不同设计考虑

PNP和NPN高频异质结双极晶体管的设计有明显不同，这主要归因于砷化镓中电子与空穴的迁移率存在显著差别。这种差别在基区和子集电区外延层的设计中体现得尤为明显。文中详细讨论了PNP和NPN两种类型的异质结双极晶体管各自外延层的设计考虑。     

Facile synthesis of Bi2S3 nanocrystalline-modified TiO2: Fe nanotubes hybrids and their photocatalytic activities in dye degradation

Interface-induced effects and large specific area of heteronanostructures are attracting much attention due to applications in photocatalysis. In this work, ultrafine bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) nanocrystalline-modified Fe-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated with facile methods. The effect of the ratio of Bi₂S₃ to the Fe-doped TiO₂ NTs on the microstructural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the NTs and hybrids was studied. The NTs showed an actual Fe content of ～ 2.93 at.%. The optical bandgap of the NTs and hybrids was ～2.90 eV and ～2.46–2.88 eV, respectively, and decreased with increasing Bi₂S₃/NTs ratio. The specific surface area of the NTs was ～333 m² · g^?1; whereas the hybrids showed obviously larger specific surface area of ～ 527–689 m² · g^?1 than the NTs because of well-controlled formation process of Bi₂S₃ nanoparticles. The sunlight-excited degradation experiments of dyes in the water indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the hybrids was higher than that of the NTs and increased with increasing Bi₂S₃/NTs ratio. Moreover, the degradation rates of two dyes at different initial pH values were very different. The high photocatalytic activity of the hybrids was mainly ascribed to the narrow bandgap, large specific surface area, and effective heterojunction.     

A面和C面AlGaN/GaN异质结的比较研究

采用MOCVD技术在R面和C面蓝宝石上生长非极性A面和极性C面AlGaN/GaN异质结。分别用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜比较了两种材料的结构特性及表面形貌,通过电容-电压测试比较了两种材料的电学特性。研究结果表明,较高浓度的二维电子气的存在使得极性材料在微波功率器件方面更有优势,而非极性材料可以消除与极化相关的电场,更适合应用于光电器件领域。