含储能型虚拟同步发电机的直驱风机并网系统自适应协调阻尼控制策略

储能型虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的灵活控制特性能够为风电并网系统提供有效的频率和电压支撑,然而系统振荡特性会受到一定程度的影响,同时风电时变出力特性导致的运行点变化也将使得定参数阻尼控制表现出适应性不足的问题.为此,提出了适应风电出力时变特性的自适应协调阻尼控制策略.首先,在风电并网系统状态空间模型的基础上推导线性变参数模型,以直驱风机的有功功率为调度变量,根据稳定域确定运行空间范围;然后,利用间隙度量对运行空间进行划分,确定各子运行空间的典型运行点并将其作为多胞形顶点,建立调度增益与系统运行工况以及控制器的映射关系;最后,针对不同频率振荡模式协调设计自适应控制器.测试系统的仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应协调阻尼控制器不仅能够同时阻尼含储能型VSG并网系统中的次同步振荡和低频振荡,也能在风电出力大范围时变工况下保持良好的阻尼水平.     

基于模型预测控制算法的多风储直流微电网分布式电压二次控制策略

针对含多组风储单元的直流微电网中蓄电池的电压优化控制问题,提出了一种基于模型预测控制算法的分布式电压二次控制策略.设计了一种多步长预测一致性模型作为电压预测模型,通过目标函数最小化求解预测系数,得到最优电压二次控制补偿量加入一次控制中,将传统一致性算法中比例积分控制器下的偏差调节问题转化为模型预测控制器下的电压跟踪问题进行求解,从而实现对直流母线电压动态响应的滚动优化.该方法有效解决了传统一致性算法下电压控制策略瞬态特性差和部分工况下存在控制误差等问题,并通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台搭建模型验证了不同工况下所提策略的有效性和优越性.     

基于氢能的风-火耦合多能系统设计与综合评估

为了提高火电机组深度调峰极限,挖掘其提升新能源消纳能力的潜力,构建了基于氢能的风-火耦合多能系统.建立了风-火耦合多能系统的设计框架,包括设计原则、系统组成及评价指标体系等,提出了富裕风电制氢支撑的风-火耦合多能系统的总体结构;考虑经济性、能源利用、"双碳"目标、可靠性这4个方面的影响因素,提出了风-火耦合多能系统的多尺度评价指标及其数学模型,并基于模糊层次分析-熵权法确定各指标的权重占比;以某地区拟建的风-火耦合多能系统结构设计为例,验证了所提方法的有效性,可为实际工程建设提供了一定的参考.     

基于异构能源区块链的综合能源系统交易模型

综合能源系统是对电、气、热、冷能进行统一规划调度的综合系统,顺应了供给侧改革的趋势.目前综合能源系统的用户呈现个体化、分散化的趋势,传统的单向集中式输配电服务模式逐渐不适应这种趋势.基于区块链技术,设计了一种综合能源系统交易模型.采用异构能源区块链的结构模式,利用智能合约建立了基于价格约束的匹配拍卖机制,保障了清洁能源用户的供能优先级,并采用双重认证机制,保障了交易的可靠性.在实验环境下对所设计模型进行分析,仿真结果验证了所提综合能源系统交易模型的有效性和可行性.     

Sintered stainless steels: Fatigue crack propagation resistance under hydrogen charging conditions

Monophasic and multiphasic (two and three phases) sintered stainless steels were prepared both considering premixes of AISI 316LHC and AISI 434LHC stainless steels powders and using a prealloyed duplex stainless steel 25% Cr, 5% Ni, 2% Mo powder. Their fatigue crack propagation resistance was investigated both in air and under hydrogen charging conditions (0.5 M H₂SO₄ + 0.01 M KSCN aqueous solution; applied potential = −700 mV/SCE), considering three different stress ratios (R = 0.1; 0.5; 0.75). Fatigue crack propagation micromechanisms were investigated by means of fracture surface scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.For all the investigated sintered stainless, fatigue crack propagation resistance is influenced by hydrogen charging and an increase of crack growth rates dependent on the steel microstructure is obtained. Experimental results also allow to identify the sintered stainless steel obtained from the prealloyed 25% Cr, 5% Ni, 2% Mo powder as the most resistant to fatigue crack propagation in air and under hydrogen charging conditions.     

浅谈贵冶转炉残极加料机无液压控制及应用

转炉残极加料机是贵冶转炉重要辅助设备之一。本文分析了贵溪冶炼厂熔炼车间转炉残极加料机运行过程存在的问题。从设备管理角度出发,分析故障原因并提出改进措施。同时改变现有残极加入的方式,顺应时代趋势,实现自动化、岗位无人化操作并在一定程度上得到应用。     

Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel electroplated with zinc-cobalt alloys

Slow strain rate tests were performed on quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel to measure the extent of hydrogen embrittlement caused by electroplating with zinc-cobalt alloys. The effects of bath composition and pH were studied and compared with results for electrodeposited cadmium and zinc-10%nickel. It was found that zinc-1%cobalt alloy coatings caused serious hydrogen embrittlement (EI 0.63); almost as severe as that of cadmium (EI 0.78). Baking cadmium plated steel for 24 h at 200 °C gave full recovery of mechanical properties but specimens plated with zinc-1%cobalt and then baked still failed in 89% of the time of unplated controls. It was shown that hydrogen uptake and embrittlement could be controlled by depositing thin layers of cobalt or nickel at the steel/coating interface. For example, the least embrittlement was caused by zinc-10%nickel (EI 0.037) due to a nickel rich layer with very low hydrogen diffusion coefficient that formed during the initial stages of electroplating. Similarly, a 0.5 μm nickel layer was effective in lowering the embrittlement caused by zinc-1%cobalt to that of zinc-10%nickel. Furthermore, a 0.5 μm cobalt layer deposited before a zinc-1%cobalt coating gave virtually 100% recovery of mechanical properties after baking.     

新钢基于多元数据采集的电弧炉炼钢过程能量监控系统

电弧炉炼钢过程中能量多元且复杂,采用单一的数据采集方式不能满足对电弧炉炼钢过程各工序能量构成分析要求。通过多元数据采集方式,准确采集电弧炉炼钢过程各工序实际生产数据,并使用Visual Studio 2013、Microsoft SQL Server 2012数据库等软件建立电弧炉炼钢过程能量监控系统。该系统通过实时动态采集到的电弧炉炼钢过程各项冶炼数据,量化电弧炉炼钢过程各工序能量,实现电弧炉炼钢过程能量监控;对电弧炉炼钢过程各工序能量消耗、能量流动、能量利用等方面进行分析,为电弧炉生产过程能量高效利用提供理论依据。     

Interfacial energy and match of cold pressure welded Ag/Ni and Al/Cu

The technology of cold pressure welding was adopted to achieve the bonding of Al/Cu(limited soluble and forming compounds),Ag/Ni(hardly mutual soluble),and the relative state of interface was tested by HREM.The results indicate that stable interface is always corresponding to the low interfacial energy value;the stable interface is not coherent but partly-coherent because of the twisting of grain boundary caused by pressure,meanwhile existing dislocation.Namely,the interfacial match and other states under the condition of cold pressure welding are different from the situation that under the condition of thermal action.Moreover,theoretical analyses and calculation on the base of thermodynamics,crystallogeny ,solid physics etc,were discussed.     

Effects of rapid solidification on the phase structures and electrochemical properties of a V3TiNi0.56Co0.14Nb0.047Ta0.047 alloy

The crystal structures and electrochemical properties of a V₃TiNi_0.56Co_0.14Nb_0.047Ta_0.047 alloy prepared by the melt-spinning method were studied. The rapidly solidified alloy consists of a major Vanadium-based solid solution phase and a secondary Ti₂Ni-based phase. The secondary phase exists between the dendritic arms of the major phase, showing a typical eutectic characteristic. With increasing cooling rate, the amount of the secondary phase decreases but the lattice parameters of both the major phase and the secondary phase show no obvious change. Because the disappearance of the catalytic effect of the secondary phase, the rapidly solidified alloy shows bad electrochemical properties except cycle stability.